Conformity and Relative Dating
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Questions and Answers

Which type of rock is typically formed in a deep water environment?

  • Conglomerate
  • Shale (correct)
  • Sandstone
  • Limestone

    • What is the main difference between shale and sandstone?

  • Size of particles (correct)
  • Water temperature
  • Salinity characteristics
  • Presence of marine organisms

    • What does the study of fossils tell us?

  • The presence of marine organisms
  • The energy of the environment
  • The complexity of life over time (correct)
  • The age of the rocks

    • What is faunal succession?

    <p>The increase in complexity of fossils over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force behind evolution?

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relative dating is used to determine the age of rocks based on

    <p>Their position in the rock record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an unconformity in relative dating?

    <p>It indicates missing time in the rock record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of unconformity is shown in the image?

    <p>Non-conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a non-conformity indicate?

    <p>A change in rock type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can relative dating be used to estimate the time it took for deposition to occur?

    <p>By measuring the thickness of the rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetic diversity?

    <p>The presence of differing characteristics within a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the peppered moth population during the industrial revolution in England?

    <p>The population experienced a change in wing coloration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the sea turtle example mentioned in the text?

    <p>It showcases the process of natural selection and the survival of the fittest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative outcome is associated with some interpretations of Darwinism?

    <p>The belief in the superiority of certain racial or ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of nature mentioned in the text?

    <p>The presence of more individuals being born than can survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the largest proofs of evolution mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when dissolved silica replaces wood under certain conditions?

    <p>Per mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of fossilization mentioned in the text?

    <p>Molds and casts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fossil is easy to identify because it is used to grind up food?

    <p>Gastroliths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are most organisms not preserved as fossils?

    <p>They don't have hard parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fossil called archaeopteryx?

    <p>It is a transitional species between dinosaurs and birds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept behind the idea of 'survival of the fittest' in nature?

    <p>Nature selects the most appropriate characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

    <p>Natural selection occurs in nature, while artificial selection is controlled by humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do flying squirrels have flaps of skin between their legs?

    <p>To help them glide between trees and escape predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the transition from apes to monkeys, what were some adaptations that occurred?

    <p>Standing upright to look for predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a living fossil?

    <p>A fossil that has not changed over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is correlation in the context of geology?

    <p>The alignment of rock layers across different locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of fossils in correlation?

    <p>They help determine the age of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the modern ape and the common ancestor of humans and apes?

    <p>The modern ape has adapted to a different environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the shift in diet impact the development of modern monkeys?

    <p>It led to the development of a larger brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element undergoes a change from nitrogen-14 to carbon-14 through the bombardment of neutrons from cosmic rays?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate half-life of carbon-14?

    <p>5730 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carbon-14 dating primarily used for?

    <p>Dating organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era are we currently in?

    <p>Cenozoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest expanse of time in geological history?

    <p>Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the informal term used to describe anything that happened before complex life?

    <p>Precambrian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes radioactive decay?

    <p>The process by which an atom gains or loses neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a half-life?

    <p>The time required for half of the radioactive parent isotope to decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of carbon dating?

    <p>It can only be used to date rocks that are less than 60,000 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fossil is commonly used to determine relative age?

    <p>Index fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when a radioactive substance decays into another atom type?

    <p>Radioactive decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radioactivity involves the emission of a helium nucleus?

    <p>Alpha emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which era represents the largest portion of Earth's history?

    <p>Pre-Cambrian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event marks the appearance of life in the fossil record?

    <p>The transition from the Pre-Cambrian eon to the Phanerozoic eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three eras of the geologic time scale?

    <p>Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geologic Time Scale and Fossil Record

    • Carbon-14 is an unstable isotope that decays radioactively.
    • The amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere is dependent on the amount of solar energy hitting the nitrogen in the upper atmosphere.
    • Relative dating of rock layers has been replaced by radiometric dating, which provides absolute ages for rocks.
    • Ignite rocks are the easiest to date because their solidification starts the radiometric clock.
    • The geologic time scale is divided into eras, eons, periods, and epochs.
    • The Pre-Cambrian era represents about 88% of Earth's history.
    • The transition from the Pre-Cambrian eon to the Phanerozoic eon marks the appearance of life in the fossil record.
    • The Cambrian explosion, around 541 million years ago, saw the appearance of organisms with hard parts due to increased oxygen levels.
    • The geologic time scale is linked to geological and biological changes.
    • The Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras represent old life, middle life, and new life, respectively.
    • The periods within these eras are characterized by specific geological and biological events, such as the age of trilobites and the age of dinosaurs.
    • The Carboniferous period is divided into epochs in the United States due to the presence of well-preserved coal deposits.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the significance of conformity in terms of relative dating. Understand the difference between relative and absolute dating methods and how continuous deposition can provide insights into the formation of rocks under specific conditions, such as an ocean environment.

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