Khan Psychology p 171-180 Conformity and Obedience Overview

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Questions and Answers

What neuronal loss primarily contributes to the motor abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease?

Loss of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus

Loss of Dopamine neurons from the substantia nigra to the striatum (correct)

Loss of serotonin levels in the brain

Loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex

What are Lewy bodies primarily associated with in the context of Parkinson's Disease?

Dopaminergic neuron degeneration (correct)

Normal protein clustering in nerve cells

Increased serotonin production

Regeneration of neuronal pathways

Which symptom is NOT part of the SIG: E CAPS acronym related to Major Depressive Disorder?

Lack of interest

Increased energy levels (correct)

Appetite disturbance

Suicidal thoughts

Which factors are noted as risk factors for developing Parkinson's Disease?

Genetic mutations and exposure to agricultural chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the progression to advanced stages of Parkinson's Disease?

Widespread neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Major Depressive Disorder?

Characterized by prolonged feelings of helplessness and discouragement Signup and view all the answers

What is still unclear regarding Lewy bodies in Parkinson's Disease?

Their potential role in neuron death Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is again a common reason for individuals to seek mental health services?

Major Depressive Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nucleus basalis in the brain?

Releasing acetylcholine to support cognitive functions Signup and view all the answers

What significant protein is associated with Alzheimer's Disease genetic mutations?

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Parkinson's Disease?

Enhanced reflexes Signup and view all the answers

In patients with Parkinson's Disease, which type of neuron is primarily lost?

Dopaminergic neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily associated with the basal ganglia?

Substantia nigra Signup and view all the answers

What effect does higher education have on the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease?

Decreases the risk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the synapses in individuals with Alzheimer's Disease?

They appear to not function clearly long before the disease onset. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is known to increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women meets the criteria for depression at least once in their life?

22% Signup and view all the answers

Which model describes the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in depression?

BioPsychoSocial Model Signup and view all the answers

What gene is associated with depression, primarily influenced by environmental stress?

5-HTTLPR Gene Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological theory describes the feeling of powerlessness due to a lack of control over the environment?

Learned Helplessness Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive theory, negative thoughts can lead to what attributional style that increases vulnerability to depression?

Pessimistic Attribution Style Signup and view all the answers

What do individuals with depression commonly link negative experiences to, according to cognitive theory?

Internal causes only Signup and view all the answers

What is a shared characteristic of people who experience both depression and anxiety disorders?

Higher rates of learned helplessness Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the brain is associated with lower levels of activity in individuals with depression?

Prefrontal Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a manic episode?

Abnormally elevated mood and increased energy lasting at least 7 consecutive days Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding bipolar II disorder?

Individuals experience hypomania and at least one major depressive episode. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?

Bipolar I includes at least one manic episode, while bipolar II does not include any manic episodes. Signup and view all the answers

What does cyclothymic disorder include?

Hypomania and dysthymia. Signup and view all the answers

What is conformity in social psychology?

The tendency to align behaviors with group norms. Signup and view all the answers

What does normative influence refer to?

Conforming to avoid social rejection despite knowing the right behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents informative influence?

Joining a group because their actions seem correct when unsure. Signup and view all the answers

What can the impact of negative peers on an individual's behavior lead to?

Adoption of harmful behaviors and social discord. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological mechanism may contribute to the spread of depression among friends or partners?

Co-rumination Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a higher risk of developing depression?

Child abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between dependent and independent stressors?

Dependent stressors are influenced by personal actions, independent stressors occur without personal influence. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a manic state in bipolar disorder?

Elevated mood accompanied by poor judgment and risky behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What acronym is used to remember the symptoms of mania in bipolar disorder?

DIG FAST Signup and view all the answers

How long must a hypomanic episode last to be classified as such?

At least 4 consecutive days Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly reflects internalization of prejudice as a factor for depression?

It can lead to feelings of guilt and depression when one identifies with a marginalized group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypomania?

Increased energy but no need for sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is compliance in the context of social behavior?

Changing behavior to gain a reward or avoid punishment. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing compliance?

Strong personal conviction Signup and view all the answers

How does identification differ from compliance?

Identification requires ongoing respect for the individual being emulated. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of compliance?

A consumer buys a soft drink because a celebrity endorses it. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the identification process as described by Freud?

It involves adopting moral characteristics from respected figures. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario does compliance usually cease to exist?

When rewards or punishments are removed. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the superego play in the identification process?

It shapes an individual's moral guidelines based on modeled behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes anomie as mentioned in the content?

A state of normlessness often associated with social change. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Overview of Conformity and Obedience

Conformity and obedience are social behaviors, where individuals adjust their thoughts or actions to align with a group or authority figure.
Conformity involves adjusting one's behavior or beliefs to match those of a group.
Obedience involves following orders or commands from an authority figure.

Asch Conformity Experiments

A classic study on conformity, demonstrating how group pressure can influence individual judgments.
Participants were asked to judge the length of lines, and a majority of confederates gave incorrect answers.
A significant portion of participants conformed to the incorrect judgments, even when they knew the correct answer.
This experiment highlighted the power of group pressure.

Milgram Obedience Experiments

A classic study on obedience, exploring the extent to which people will obey authority figures, even when it goes against their moral compass or conscience.
Participants were asked to administer electric shocks to another person (an actor) when they gave wrong answers, with increasing voltage levels.
A surprising number of participants obeyed the requests all the way up to the highest voltage levels, showing the power of obedience to authority figures, even causing harm to others.

Factors Influencing Conformity and Obedience

Group size and cohesiveness: Conformity increases with larger and more cohesive groups.
Presence of authority figures: Obedience is amplified with perceived authority and legitimacy of those figures.
Cultural norms: Cultural values and expectations can influence the likelihood of conformity and obedience.
Personality factors: Individual differences in personality traits can contribute to varying susceptibility to conformity and obedience.
Situational factors: The specific situation and context also play a critical role in influencing conformity and obedience.

Types of Conformity and Obedience

Compliance: Public conformity without private acceptance of beliefs.
Identification: Public agreement with group beliefs because of wanting to be accepted and liked by a group.
Internalization: Conforming both publicly and privately because of genuine acceptance and belief.
Obedience: Following explicit commands from an authority figure.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of conformity and obedience in social behavior. This quiz covers classic experiments by Asch and Milgram, illustrating the impact of group pressure and authority on individual decisions. Test your understanding of these influential studies and their implications for human behavior.