37 Questions
What is the relationship between trauma and memory?
Memory is the emotional and/or physical experience, and trauma is the content, or narrative.
What happens to the effects of conflict after the violence has ended?
They continue to manifest long after the event has passed.
What is the nature of trauma?
An involuntary action that cannot be controlled.
What is the concept that describes the lingering effects of conflict?
Post-conflict trauma.
What is the relationship between conflict and its underlying factors?
Conflict arises from a combination of underlying and proximate factors.
How does the state often intervene in the memory of conflict?
By actively promoting a particular version of the memory
What is the significance of the Holocaust in the Israeli state?
It serves as a justification for the state's existence
Why do states sometimes suppress or downplay memories of conflict?
To ignite feelings of guilt or de-nationalistic sentiments
What is the role of collective memory in the psyche of a group?
It is integral to the group's psyche and identity
How do non-state collectives tend to operate in terms of memory?
Outside institutional means of regulation, making their memory more dangerous
What is the relationship between individual memory and collective memory?
They are intertwined and influence each other
Why do individuals often seek to forget memories of conflict?
Because the memories are traumatic and the brain seeks to compartmentalize them
What happens to the memories of conflict when they are passed between individuals?
They are appropriated by those who did not endure the conflict
What is the significance of the Armenian Genocide in the context of collective memory?
It is a powerful symbol of the Armenian identity
What is the role of state textbooks in shaping memory?
They are a means of regulating memory and promoting a particular version of history
What is the primary reason behind the appropriation of memory for a purpose?
To evoke a sense of victimhood or to justify crimes
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon of individuals experiencing traumatic effects even though they were not directly involved in the conflict?
Intergenerational trauma
What is the name of the commission established in South Africa to help victims of apartheid achieve closure and healing?
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
What is the term used to describe the tendency of individuals or groups to deflect blame for their actions onto external factors or persons?
Deflection
What is the name of the Nobel Peace Prize winner who emphasized the importance of remembering the past in his acceptance speech?
Elie Wiesel
What is the primary argument made by those who support the idea of remembering the past?
To learn from the past and prevent similar events from occurring
What is the term used to describe the feeling of guilt experienced by individuals who have survived a traumatic event while others did not?
Survivor guilt
What is the term used to describe the phenomenon of individuals experiencing traumatic effects through visual means, such as seeing refugees in a decrepit state?
Visual trauma
What is the term used to describe the process of rationalizing violence suffered by explaining it either materially or philosophically?
Rationalization
What is the primary purpose of transmitting memories of traumatic events across generations?
To learn from the past and prevent similar events from occurring
What is a key factor that influences the nature and condition of memory/trauma?
The actual experience of the individual or group
Why is memory of conflict rarely evoked without a purpose?
Because it serves a benign or self-serving purpose
What is a characteristic of the state-approach to memory?
It is influenced by political motivations
Why can memory of conflict be manifestly different?
Because of who is evoking the memory and in what context
What is an additional variable to consider when analyzing the memory of conflict?
The nature of the violence
What is the significance of memory in understanding the psychological/behavioural effects of conflict?
It is very important
What is the outcome of not having stories heard by sympathetic ears?
Homogenisation and falsification of narrative
What can be an observable manifestation of post-conflict trauma at the policy level?
Policies of state that inspire further conflict
What is a potential consequence of remembering past conflicts?
The inability to move on from past grievances
What is a private sphere manifestation of post-conflict trauma?
Addiction and self-harm
What is a potential long-term consequence of unresolved conflict?
Re-emergence of conflict in other forms
What is a way to counter against the homogenisation of narrative?
Keeping alternative narratives alive
This quiz explores the underlying and proximate factors that contribute to the rise of conflict, as well as the long-lasting consequences of ethnic violence on groups and societies. Test your knowledge of conflict resolution and its relevance in the aftermath of violent events.
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