Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements aligns with conflict theory assumptions?
Which of the following statements aligns with conflict theory assumptions?
According to consensus theories, crime is primarily socially constructed.
According to consensus theories, crime is primarily socially constructed.
False
What are the two concepts that lead to delinquent behavior according to the integration theory?
What are the two concepts that lead to delinquent behavior according to the integration theory?
Attachment and imitation
Conflict theory argues that laws reflect the interests of the _____ and _____ classes.
Conflict theory argues that laws reflect the interests of the _____ and _____ classes.
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Match the theorist or theory with their primary focus:
Match the theorist or theory with their primary focus:
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What does the Minority Threat Theory suggest about majority groups' perceptions as minority populations grow?
What does the Minority Threat Theory suggest about majority groups' perceptions as minority populations grow?
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The enforcement of criminal laws tends to process individuals with higher political and economic power more frequently than those with less power.
The enforcement of criminal laws tends to process individuals with higher political and economic power more frequently than those with less power.
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What does critical criminology argue about the origins of crime?
What does critical criminology argue about the origins of crime?
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The greater a group's _____ and _____ power, the less likely their actions will violate criminal law.
The greater a group's _____ and _____ power, the less likely their actions will violate criminal law.
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Match the theories with their key concepts:
Match the theories with their key concepts:
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Which of the following is a limitation of the Minority Threat Theory?
Which of the following is a limitation of the Minority Threat Theory?
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Processing of individuals through the justice system is typically influenced by their race alone.
Processing of individuals through the justice system is typically influenced by their race alone.
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What is the relationship between crime rates and the distribution of political and economic power?
What is the relationship between crime rates and the distribution of political and economic power?
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According to Marxist theory, what is considered the primary cause of crime?
According to Marxist theory, what is considered the primary cause of crime?
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Conflict theory suggests that the law is a tool used by the lower classes to protect their interests.
Conflict theory suggests that the law is a tool used by the lower classes to protect their interests.
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What did Bonger identify as a key cause of criminality in capitalist societies?
What did Bonger identify as a key cause of criminality in capitalist societies?
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Marxist criminology argues that crime is a result of _______ in society.
Marxist criminology argues that crime is a result of _______ in society.
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Match the theorists with their contributions to social conflict theory:
Match the theorists with their contributions to social conflict theory:
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What is the focus of Quinney's social reality of crime?
What is the focus of Quinney's social reality of crime?
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The pursuit of personal economic gain is a dominant principle in market societies.
The pursuit of personal economic gain is a dominant principle in market societies.
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What term describes the exploitation of the laboring class, according to Marxist theory?
What term describes the exploitation of the laboring class, according to Marxist theory?
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______ crime is often ignored by the criminal justice system, as it primarily affects the wealthy.
______ crime is often ignored by the criminal justice system, as it primarily affects the wealthy.
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Match the concepts with their definitions in the context of Marxist criminology:
Match the concepts with their definitions in the context of Marxist criminology:
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What does the term 'criminalization' refer to in the context of Turk's theory?
What does the term 'criminalization' refer to in the context of Turk's theory?
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Marxist theorists assert that crime is a natural outcome of a fair and equal society.
Marxist theorists assert that crime is a natural outcome of a fair and equal society.
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According to social conflict theory, how do laws function in society?
According to social conflict theory, how do laws function in society?
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The theory that suggests crime arises from the competition and exploitation in capitalist societies is called _______.
The theory that suggests crime arises from the competition and exploitation in capitalist societies is called _______.
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Study Notes
Conflict and Critical Criminology
- Theory integration is important for quality of model and writing, literature review is necessary.
- Current theories on risk factors for violent behavior and gang involvement in adolescents and young adults are important.
- Before integrating theories, explain what they have already established.
- Integrate theories with concepts by explaining direct or indirect connections.
- Attachment and imitation leads to delinquent behavior and commitment.
Conflict/Critical Paradigm
- Crime is socially constructed.
- Deviant labels are applied differently across groups.
- Powerful groups establish and enforce laws.
Consensus Theories
- Shared values define interests, conflict between groups.
- Social institutions mediate conflict, laws reflect consensus.
- Laws reflect collective agreement (right/wrong).
- Differentiate offending (CJS).
Conflict Theories
- Labeling theory, critical, Marxist theories are types within conflict theories.
- Laws reflect the values of the wealthy and powerful.
- Differential processing (CJS) and who is targeted differ based on power.
Conflict Theory Assumptions
- Society is a dynamic of opposing groups, not consensus.
- Equilibrium of opposing group interests and efforts is principle of conflict.
- Conflict is a principle and essential social process.
Marxist Theory
- Critique of political economy (Capital).
- Productive forces, relationship of production.
- Rigid class structure (bourgeoisie, proletariat).
- Conflict explaining societal existence.
- Societal production (manual/technical).
- Ruling class controls the means of production.
- Law in capitalistic societies: legal equality for the goal is to preserve private property.
Marxist Criminology
- Surplus value: exploitation of laborers for profit.
- Capitalism promotes economic crises and crime.
- Crime is a result of inequality and unjust distribution of wealth/power.
Social Conflict Theory
- Bonger: Criminality and economic conditions.
- Capitalism promotes egoism.
- Key proximate cause of criminality.
- Exploitation and competition for profit leads to more crime.
- Proletariat - subordinate position and depedancy.
Policy
- Focus on biases against working class and racial profiling in CJ system.
- Increasing prison populations mask unemployment.
- Socialism emphasizes diversion, decriminalization, and deinstitutionalization.
Critique of Crime
- Crime occurs at all social levels, with disadvantaged groups disproportionately affected (implications and reasons).
- Conflict theory ignores various societal interests, ignores socialist countries.
- Capitalist mode of production breeds crime based on inequality and exploitation.
New Directions in Critical Criminology
- Postmodern theory focuses on power, language and marginalized groups.
- Critical race theory and critical gender theory.
- Left realism and restorative justice, deconstructionism.
Correspondence Theory of Truth
- Scientific theories - truth as a correspondence to facts
- Postmodern critiques of truth as objective.
- Rejection of correspondence truth, universal truth.
- Man is measure of all.
- Claims to truth are constructed, not objective.
Green Criminology
- Relationship between crime and natural resource management.
- Incorporates cultural significance and collective meanings surrounding crimes.
- Critiques environmental harms and ecological justice.
Contemporary Marxist Criminology
- Structural view of state, with state as primary means to maintain capitalist social relations long-term.
- Ruling class's victimization: corporate crime costs billions.
Minority Threat Theory
- Majority perceives minority groups' growing numbers as a threat.
- Increased formal control measures directed at minority populations.
- Focuses on black and Hispanic populations, overlooking other variations in power structures.
Quinney's Social Reality of Crime
- Powerful segments operate within their norms.
- Influential groups define their wrongdoings as not criminal.
- Powerful individuals promote particular crime conceptions.
Conflict Theory Evaluation
- Discusses major assumptions, strengths, and limitations of conflict theories.
- Identifies white-collar crimes like tax fraud, bribery, criminal corporate activities.
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Description
Explore the foundations of conflict and critical criminology, focusing on theories that explain the social construction of crime and the impact of labeling on deviant behavior. This quiz examines current theories related to violent behavior in adolescents and the significance of integrating various theoretical perspectives. Understand how shared values and powerful groups shape our criminal justice system.
