Cone Cells and Color Perception

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What is the role of the cones in human retinas?

Detecting shades of green and red (correct)

Responding optimally to long wavelengths

Producing loss of vision in the center of the visual field

Coordinating eye and head movements

What happens in individuals with red-green color blindness?

Their blue cones respond maximally to light

They have an opacity in the lens tissue

Their red and green cone pigments are abnormal (correct)

They lack blue cone pigments

What is the cause of cataracts?

Mutation in genes encoding the cone pigments

Impairment of the macula lutea region

Accumulation of proteins in the lens tissue (correct)

Trauma to the optic disc

Which factor is NOT associated with cataracts?

Exposure to bright light Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of macular degeneration?

Loss of vision in the center of the visual field Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cones respond maximally to light at 531 nm wavelength?

Green cones Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecule that serves as the light-sensitive part of photopigments?

Retinal Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the photoreceptor cell when exposed to light of an appropriate wavelength?

It hyperpolarizes Signup and view all the answers

What happens to guanylyl cyclase in the absence of light?

It converts GTP into cGMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of opsin in photopigments?

Absorption of light Signup and view all the answers

How does a photoreceptor cell differ in state between darkness and light exposure?

It depolarizes in darkness and hyperpolarizes in light Signup and view all the answers

What maintains ligand-gated cation channels open in the dark?

cGMP Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of specific ascending pathways in the central nervous system?

Transmit information about only a single type of sensory input Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes nonspecific ascending pathways in the central nervous system?

Signal general information without specifying what or where Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes polymodal neurons involved in nonspecific ascending pathways?

Responsive to input from multiple afferent neurons activated by the same stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Where do the central processes of afferent neurons synapse in the brain or spinal cord?

Interneurons in the brain or spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the central processes of afferent neurons converge in the central nervous system?

The processes of many afferent neurons terminate on a single interneuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of association areas in the cerebral cortex?

Where primary cortical areas process sensory information Signup and view all the answers

Cone Cells and Color Perception

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