30 Questions
Which type of cells enhance the signal processing between bipolar and ganglion cells?
Horizontal and amacrine cells
What is the ratio of rods to cones in the retina, except in the fovea?
20:1
What is the function of rods in vision?
Nighttime vision
What is the function of cones in vision?
Color vision
What is the visual pigment for rod cells?
Rhodopsin
What is the visual pigment for cones that respond to green wavelengths?
Green
What happens to the membrane potential of a rod cell when light activates rhodopsin?
Hyperpolarization
Which structure in the eye is responsible for bending light rays and modifying its shape to focus the light on the retina?
Lens
What is the term used to describe the ability of the lens to modify its shape to adjust the focal length?
Accommodation
Which visual deficit occurs when the focal point falls behind the retina?
Hyperopia
What is the term used to describe the process of converting light stimulus into a change in membrane potential within the retina?
Phototransduction
Which cells sit between the light stimulus and the photoreceptor cells in the retina?
Bipolar cells
In which area of the retina do photoreceptors have direct access to light and reflect the most visual acuity?
Fovea
What is the term used to describe near-sightedness, where the focal point falls in front of the retina?
Myopia
Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps involved in the process of vision?
The transmission of light through the cornea and the aqueous humor
Which cranial nerve controls the six eye muscles that innervate the eye?
Cranial nerve III (oculomotor)
Which chamber of the eye is filled with a substance called aqueous humor?
Anterior chamber
What is the function of the lacrimal gland in the eye?
To produce tears
Which part of the eye is a clear and gelatinous matrix that maintains the shape of the eyeball?
Vitreous body
Which structure of the eye can change in diameter in response to changes in light?
Pupil
Through which structure do the nerves (optic nerve) exit the eye?
Optic disc
Which of the following is true about the light-on response in bipolar cells?
The bipolar neuron is activated by glutamate release in the light
What is the role of ganglion cells in the visual system?
To extend into axons that make up the optic nerve
Where do the optic nerves cross in the visual system?
At the optic chiasm
Which region of the brain is responsible for constricting the pupils in response to light?
The Edinger Westphal nucleus
How does visual information leave the nuclei and reduce the amount of light entering both eyes?
Via the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve
What is the role of the pretectum in the visual system?
To constrict the pupils in response to light
Where is visual information sent after the optic chiasm?
To the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
What is the function of the lateral geniculate body in the visual system?
To conserve orientation and mapping within the retina
What is the pupillary reflex?
The constricting of the pupils in response to light
Test your knowledge on the concept of convergence in the retina with this quiz. Explore how photoreceptor cells, bipolar neurons, and ganglion cells work together to transmit visual information. Learn about the exception to convergence in the fovea and its importance in our vision.
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