Podcast
Questions and Answers
In online questionnaires, it is impossible to prevent individuals from responding more than once.
In online questionnaires, it is impossible to prevent individuals from responding more than once.
True
A 20 percent response rate is considered a good response rate for a questionnaire.
A 20 percent response rate is considered a good response rate for a questionnaire.
False
Open-ended responses are a type of closed-ended question format.
Open-ended responses are a type of closed-ended question format.
False
Rating scales, such as Likert scales, are used for open-ended questions.
Rating scales, such as Likert scales, are used for open-ended questions.
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Direct observation in controlled environments is a type of ethnographic research method.
Direct observation in controlled environments is a type of ethnographic research method.
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Semantic scales are used to measure attitudes and opinions.
Semantic scales are used to measure attitudes and opinions.
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Online questionnaires can be distributed quickly and at a low cost.
Online questionnaires can be distributed quickly and at a low cost.
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It is impossible to ensure anonymity in online questionnaires.
It is impossible to ensure anonymity in online questionnaires.
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Recruiting participants is not an important step in deploying online questionnaires.
Recruiting participants is not an important step in deploying online questionnaires.
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Checkboxes and radio buttons are used for open-ended questions.
Checkboxes and radio buttons are used for open-ended questions.
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Study Notes
Conducting Interviews
- Open questions do not have a predetermined format, whereas closed questions are easier to analyze.
- Avoid using long questions, compound sentences, jargon, and leading questions that make assumptions.
- Consider unconscious biases, such as gender stereotypes.
Running the Interview
- Introduce yourself, explain the goals of the interview, and reassure about ethical issues.
- Obtain informed consent and permission to record.
- Start with easy, non-threatening questions and present them in a logical order.
- Include a "cool-off" period with easy questions to defuse tension at the end.
Other Forms of Interviews
- Digital conferencing systems, such as Skype, Zoom, email, and smartphones, can be used to conduct interviews.
- Advantages of digital interviews include:
- Participants are in their own environment, so they are more relaxed.
- They don't need to travel or worry about what to wear.
- It's easier to maintain anonymity, especially for sensitive issues.
Enriching the Interview Process
- Use props, such as devices or scenarios, to prompt the interviewee.
Questionnaires
- Questions can be open or closed.
- Closed questions are easier to analyze, can be distributed and analyzed by computer, and can be administered to large populations.
Questionnaire Design
- Consider the impact of question order on the outcome.
- Provide clear instructions on how to complete the questionnaire.
- Different versions of the questionnaire may be needed for different populations.
The Process of Interaction Design
- Aims:
- Discuss how to plan and run a successful data gathering program.
- Enable planning and running an interview.
- Empower designing a simple questionnaire.
- Plan and carry out an observation.
Five Key Issues
- Setting goals: Decide how to analyze data once collected.
- Identifying participants: Decide from whom to gather data and how many participants are needed.
- Relationship with participants: Maintain a clear and professional relationship and obtain informed consent when necessary.
- Triangulation: Collect data from more than one perspective and type.
- Pilot studies: Conduct a small trial of the main study.
Data Recording
- Methods include notes, audio, video, and photographs, which can be used individually or in combination.
- Each method has its own challenges and advantages.
Interviews
- Types of interviews:
- Unstructured: Rich but not replicable.
- Structured: Replicable but may lack richness.
- Semi-structured: Guided by a script, exploring interesting issues in more depth.
- Focus groups: A group interview.
Interview Questions
- Two types:
- Closed questions: Predetermined answer format.
- Open questions: No predetermined format.
Encouraging a Good Response
- Make the purpose of the study clear.
- Promise anonymity.
- Ensure the questionnaire is well-designed.
- Offer a short version for those who don't have time to complete a long questionnaire.
- Follow up with emails, phone calls, or letters.
- Provide an incentive.
Advantages of Online Questionnaires
- Relatively easy and quick to distribute.
- Responses are usually received quickly.
- No copying and postage costs.
- Data can be collected in a database for analysis.
- Time required for data analysis is reduced.
- Errors can be corrected easily.
Deploying Online Questionnaires
- Plan the timeline.
- Design offline.
- Program/complete online template.
- Test the survey to ensure it behaves as expected.
- Test with a group that will not be part of the survey to ensure clear questions.
- Recruit participants.
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Description
Learn about the best practices for conducting an interview, including question types, avoiding biases, and running the interview smoothly.
