Conditional Sentences and Moscow Tours

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct passive reporting structure for the sentence 'There are rumours that Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez are dating again'?

  • were rumoured to have been
  • were rumoured to be
  • are rumoured to be (correct)
  • are rumoured to have been

What is the correct passive reporting structure for the sentence 'Experts estimate that 20 people died in the fire'?

  • have been estimated to be
  • are estimated to have
  • are estimated to be
  • were estimated to have (correct)

Which form correctly completes the sentence 'The more I practise, the better ___'?

  • I will get
  • I get (correct)
  • I have gotten
  • get I

What is the correct form to complete the sentence 'My brother never carries cash. He says it ______ money'?

<p>helps him save (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct completion of the sentence 'Buying a monthly travel pass for all the areas of the city ______ without needing to carry cash'?

<p>lets you travel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct usage in the sentence 'The less you pay, ___ the quality is'?

<p>the worse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate completion for 'The louder the music is, the more I enjoy it'?

<p>The louder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct form to finish the statement 'I have to write all my passwords in a notebook because at work I'm ______ my details every month'?

<p>required to change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct form of the verb to complete the sentence: 'When we ___ around Moscow, we met people trying to sell us open-top bus tours.'

<p>were walking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which verb tense fits best in this sentence: 'But we always ___ 'no thanks'.'

<p>said (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete this sentence appropriately: 'What we ___ up doing was going to the big tower in the middle of the city.'

<p>ended (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct form of the verb: 'We ___ the tickets the day before.'

<p>'d bought (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct verb tense to finish this statement: 'After we ___ out for 20 minutes, the sun started to go down.'

<p>'d been looking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which verb completes the first conditional sentence: 'If I _____ to bed soon, I’ll be tired in the morning.'

<p>do not go (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the correct verb for this second conditional: 'If I _____ a new car, I would buy one.'

<p>wanted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complete this third conditional sentence: 'If the baby _____ better last night, I wouldn’t have been so tired.'

<p>had slept (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to express financial assistance from friends for a gym membership?

<p>advised me to pay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase correctly indicates making it easier to get ready in the morning?

<p>enables me to get (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate form to express preventing the carrying of too many things?

<p>prevents me from carrying (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option logically describes payment methods before bank cards were available?

<p>must (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase correctly expresses the inability to watch online films before the internet?

<p>couldn't (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term to fill in the blank indicating a past photograph?

<p>couldn't (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct suffix to express an unnecessary issue caused by trying to please everyone.

<p>complication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct form to express a success of the company?

<p>achievement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase correctly completes the sentence: I wonder how many of these ___________ advances are actually affordable for most people?

<p>technological (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the word that correctly completes the sentence: One of the ____________ aims of all people is to find happiness.

<p>universal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct option for the sentence: If you prefer _____________________ the audio feature on this gadget so that it only lights up.

<p>silence, you can activate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate word to fill in the blank: Will you _____ it to school this morning? You got up very late!

<p>reach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which word fits best in the following sentence: I hope I can _____ over this migraine soon. I can't concentrate at all.

<p>get (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct adjective for the following statement: That was a balanced article. I felt like the journalist wanted to cover both sides and didn't really want to influence the reader.

<p>objective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which word fits best in the sentence: Paris is one of the most culturally ___ cities in Europe.

<p>diverse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the best answer: I have a mixed cultural ___, because the two sides of my family come from different places.

<p>background (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Present continuous for actions in progress

Used to describe actions happening now or around the time of speaking.

Past continuous for actions in progress in the past

Expresses an action happening at a specific point in the past.

Past perfect for actions that were completed before another past action

Used to indicate an action that was finished before another action in the past.

First conditional - if/then

Describes a possible future result based on a condition.

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Second conditional - unreal current situations

Expresses a hypothetical situation in the present that is unlikely to happen.

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Third conditional - unreal past situations

Describes a hypothetical past situation and its imagined outcome.

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Wish statements about the past

Express regret about something that happened in the past.

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Wish statements about the present

Express a desire for something different in the present.

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Advise someone to do something

To suggest or recommend that someone should do something.

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Enable someone to do something

To make it possible for someone to do something.

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Prevent someone from doing something

To stop someone from doing something.

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Must have

It was certain or necessary that something happened in the past.

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Couldn't have

It was impossible for something to happen in the past.

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Might have

It's possible that something happened in the past, but not certain.

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Complication

A problem or difficulty that makes a situation more complex.

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Achievement

Something successful or impressive that someone has done.

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Passive reporting verbs

Verbs used to report what someone else has said or thought, focusing on the information itself rather than the speaker. Often used in news articles and formal writing.

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Passive reporting structure

A sentence structure used to emphasize the information being reported rather than the person reporting it. It usually involves the past participle of the verb and the preposition 'by'.

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Rumoured to be

Used to report that something is believed to be true but not officially confirmed.

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Estimated to have

Used to report that something is believed to have happened based on an approximation or calculation.

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Thought to be

Used to report a commonly held belief or opinion about something.

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Reported to have

Used to report information that has been officially announced by a source.

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The + comparative + the + comparative

A grammatical structure used to show a direct relationship between two increasing or decreasing things.

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Causative verbs

Verbs that describe someone causing another person or thing to do something.

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Technological advances

New developments in technology, like faster computers or new medical treatments.

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Universal aims

Goals that are shared by almost everyone, like the desire for happiness.

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Silence the audio

To turn off the sound on a device, making it only show images or lights.

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Objective journalism

Reporting news in a fair and unbiased way, presenting both sides of the story.

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Cultural diversity

Variety in customs, traditions, and beliefs within a society or group.

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Cultural background

The traditions, beliefs, and values that someone has learned from their family and upbringing.

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Share values

To have similar beliefs and principles that are important to you.

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Influenced by upbringing

When the place you grew up in strongly shapes your beliefs and behavior.

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Study Notes

Open-Top Bus Tours in Moscow

  • People offered open-top bus tours, boat tours of the river, and other activities
  • The speaker said "no thanks" to the tours
  • One of the choices offered is the speaker was walking
  • Another of the choices offered is the speaker was saying "no thanks"

Visiting the Ostankino Tower

  • The speaker and the other person wanted to visit all the attractions possible, but they only had two days in the city
  • They went to the Ostankino Tower in the middle of the city
  • They bought tickets in advance to go to the top of the tower in the evening

The View from the Tower

  • The view from the tower was amazing.
  • The sun began to set as they were at the top of the tower
  • The city lights turned on, and they enjoyed the view

Conditional Sentences

  • First Conditional: If you go to bed soon, you will be tired in the morning.
  • Second Conditional: If I had a new car, I would buy one.
  • If you weren't so stubborn, we wouldn't have so many arguments.
  • Third Conditional: If the baby had slept better last night, I wouldn't have been so tired.

Wishes

  • If only I had not parked there, I would not have gotten a fine.
  • If only it would rain, the garden wouldn't be so dry.
  • If only I hadn't done that, I wouldn't have been so upset.

Passive Reporting Verbs

  • There are rumors that Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez are dating again.
  • Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez are rumoured to have been dating again.

Experts' Estimate

  • Experts estimated that 20 people died in the fire.
  • 20 people are estimated to have died in the fire

Comparing Messi

  • It is thought that Messi is the best player ever.
  • Many people think Messi is the best player ever.

Kanye West and Kim Kardashian

  • Journalists report that Kanye West and Kim Kardashian have broken up
  • It is reported that Kanye West and Kim Kardashian have broken up

Comparisons

  • The more you speak, the better I will understand.
  • The less you pay, the worse the quality.
  • The louder the music is, the more I enjoy it

Missing Someone

  • The less I see her, the more I miss her.

Causative Verbs

  • My brother never carries cash. He says it helps him save money.

Travel Pass

  • Buying a monthly travel pass for all the areas of the city lets you travel without needing to carry cash

Passwords in a Notebook

  • I have to write all my passwords in a notebook because at work I'm required to change the details every month.

App on Phone

  • I love using the maps app on my phone. It stops me getting lost.

Joining a Gym

  • When I joined a gym, my friends advised me to pay my monthly fee so I could afford it more easily

Wearing the Right Clothes

  • The speaker decided to wear only black clothes for work because it would help the speaker get ready quickly in the morning

Bags and Sizes

  • I like this really small bag - it prevents me from carrying too many things around all day.

Speculations about the Past

  • Before people had bank cards, they had to pay with cash
  • Before the internet, people couldn't watch online films at home

Students and Laptops

  • Students in the 1960s couldn't have written their essays with a laptop

Photos and Mobile Phones

  • This photo is from 1985, so it couldn't have been taken with a mobile phone

Text Messages and Phone Calls

  • When there were no text messages, people had to phone each other a lot more.

Trying to Please Everyone

  • Trying to please everybody could lead to complications. It would be better to simplify the process

Company Achievements

  • The directors were able to strengthen the company's position and are very happy with this achievement.

New Vocabulary

  • I wish there was an invention to help me memorize new vocabulary perfectly

Affordable Advances

  • I wonder how many of these technologies, advances are actually affordable for most people

Aim in Life

  • One of the universal aims of all people is to find happiness

Audio Feature

  • If you prefer silence, you can activate the audio feature on this gadget so that it only lights up.

Migraine

  • I hope I can get over this migraine soon. I can't concentrate at all.

Balanced Article

  • That was a balanced article, I felt like the journalist wanted to cover both sides and didn't really want to influence the reader.

Off Early

  • We're going to steer off early tomorrow morning.

Culturally Diverse City

  • Paris is one of the most diverse cities in Europe

Mixed Cultural Backgrounds

  • I have a mixed cultural background, because the two sides of my family come from different places.

Different Political Views

  • My brother and I have very different political views, so we don't share the same values.

The Festival

  • What are the origins of this festival?

Places Influence People

  • I guess that people are heavily influenced by the place in which they were raised.

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