Condensation Polymers (Step-Growth Polymers) Quiz
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Condensation Polymers (Step-Growth Polymers) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of mechanism occurs when an epoxide is polymerized with a Lewis acid initiator?

  • Cationic mechanism (correct)
  • Anionic mechanism
  • Free radical mechanism
  • Coordination mechanism
  • What is the purpose of vulcanization in rubber synthesis?

  • To create hard and flexible polymers (correct)
  • To create weak and brittle polymers
  • To create soft and sticky polymers
  • To create strong and brittle polymers
  • What type of polymerization occurs when dienes are polymerized with a radical initiator?

  • Radical polymerization (correct)
  • Ring-opening polymerization
  • Step-growth polymerization
  • Chain-growth polymerization
  • What is the name of the polymer synthesized from 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene?

    <p>Natural Rubber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of copolymer consists of blocks of each kind of monomer?

    <p>Block copolymer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an anionic initiator in epoxide polymerization?

    <p>To initiate polymerization through an anionic mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed during vulcanization of rubber?

    <p>Disulfide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymerization occurs when epoxides are polymerized with a nucleophile initiator?

    <p>Anionic mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of condensation polymers?

    <p>They are formed through the loss of a small molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polyamide?

    <p>Nylon 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the starting material for the synthesis of nylon 6?

    <p>ε-caprolactam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of epoxy resins?

    <p>They are extensively cross-linked systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of forming Dacron polyester?

    <p>Transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of nylon 66?

    <p>It is formed from two different bifunctional monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of the polyester polymer formed by the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane?

    <p>Kodel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of step-growth polymers?

    <p>They are formed through the loss of a small molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why nucleophilic attack on an alkene does not occur readily?

    <p>Alkenes are electron rich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymerization is more prone to termination by proton loss from the polymer?

    <p>Cationic polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of surface-absorbed water in the polymerization of methyl α-cyanoacrylate?

    <p>It initiates anionic polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do living polymers are most common in anionic polymerization?

    <p>Because the chains cannot be terminated by proton loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the initiator required for anionic polymerization?

    <p>It must be a very good nucleophile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electron-withdrawing substituents in anionic polymerization?

    <p>To decrease the electron density of the double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the polymerization reaction of methyl α-cyanoacrylate when it comes into contact with skin?

    <p>The formation of a strong bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymerization is Super Glue an example of?

    <p>Anionic polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Condensation Polymers (Step-Growth Polymers)

    • Formed by intermolecular reaction of molecules with a functional group at each end, resulting in the loss of a small molecule such as H2O, alcohol, or HCl.
    • Can be formed by the reaction of a single compound with two different functional groups, A and B, or by the reaction of two different compounds, one with two A functional groups and the other with two B functional groups.

    Classes of Step-Growth Polymers

    • Polyamides
    • Polyesters
    • Epoxy Resins
    • Polyurethanes

    Polyamides

    • Nylon 6 is an example of a step-growth polymer formed from a monomer with two different functional groups, resulting in the formation of an amide.
    • Nylon 6 is formed from the polymerization of 6-aminohexanoic acid, which contains six carbons.
    • The starting material for the synthesis of nylon 6 is ε-caprolactam.
    • Nylon 66 is an example of a step-growth polymer formed by two different bifunctional monomers, adipoyl chloride and 1,6-hexanediamine.

    Polyesters

    • Polymers containing many ester groups.
    • Dacron is the most common polyester polymer, made by the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol.
    • Kodel polyester is formed by the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 1,4-di(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane.

    Epoxy Resins

    • They are the strongest adhesives known, being extensively cross-linked systems.
    • They can adhere to almost any surface and are resistant to solvents and high temperature.

    Addition Polymers

    Ring-Opening Polymerizations

    • Some compounds can polymerize well, rather than ethylene and substituted ethylenes, in chain-growth polymerizations.
    • Epoxides undergo chain-growth polymerization, which can occur by an anionic or cationic mechanism.

    Polymerization of Dienes

    • The manufacture of rubber involves the polymerization of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene).
    • Synthetic rubbers can be made by radical polymerization of dienes other than isoprene.
    • Natural and synthetic rubbers can be hardened by vulcanization, which involves heating rubber with sulfur, resulting in cross-linking of the separate polymer chains through disulfide bonds.

    Copolymers

    • Formed by the polymerization of two or more different monomers.
    • Can be classified into four types: alternating, block, random, and graft copolymers.

    Anionic Polymerization or Living Polymers

    • The initiator is a nucleophile that reacts with the monomer to form an anion propagating site.
    • The mechanism involves an initiating step and propagation steps.
    • Living polymers are most common in anionic polymerization because the chains cannot be terminated by proton loss or by chain combination or disproportionation.
    • Examples of alkenes that undergo anionic polymerization include methyl α-cyanoacrylate, which is used to make Super Glue.

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    Description

    Learn about the formation of condensation polymers, also known as step-growth polymers, through intermolecular reactions and examples of polyamides, polyesters, and epoxies.

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