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Questions and Answers
What is a key focus of Dorothea Orem's self-care model?
Which of the following accurately describes grand theories in nursing?
What is a central concern of Imogene King's interacting system framework theory?
How do middle range theories differ from grand theories in nursing?
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Which concept is emphasized in Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations?
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What does homeostasis refer to in the context of health and nursing practice?
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Which of the following is NOT one of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
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According to the concepts discussed, which environmental system has the most direct influence on a person?
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What is the holistic view of health as defined by the WHO?
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Which statement best represents the impact of social changes on health?
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What is the primary goal of the nurse according to Orlando's nursing process theory?
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Which aspect does Leininger's sunrise model focus on in nursing practice?
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What does Swanson’s Caring theory primarily address?
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Which of the following best characterizes Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory?
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What does Dobratz's Theory of Psychological adaptation in death and dying highlight?
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How do nursing curricula utilize nursing theories?
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What has contributed to the evolution of the nursing profession's knowledge base?
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Which theory focuses on understanding cultural influences on patient care?
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What is the primary goal of nursing theory?
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Which type of research relies on narrative interviews for data collection?
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What describes the process of inductive reasoning?
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Which is NOT a source of nursing research?
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What defines mixed methods research?
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What is one limitation of the scientific method in nursing?
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Which degree focuses on generating new, discipline-specific knowledge in nursing?
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What type of reasoning moves from general premises to specific conclusions?
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What is a key characteristic of applied science?
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Which of the following best describes the impact of nursing research?
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What is the primary role of state boards of nursing regarding nursing education?
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What is a common reason that state boards of nursing discipline nurses?
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Which resource assists with the rehabilitation of nurses affected by substance abuse?
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How many questions are on the NCLEX exam?
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What does licensure by endorsement allow a registered nurse (RN) to do?
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What is the purpose of the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)?
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Which aspect of the NCLEX exam is regularly updated?
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What is required for a nursing program to achieve state approval?
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Study Notes
### Conceptual Models of Nursing
- Provide organizational structures for critical thinking about the nursing processes
- Models are less abstract and more formalized than philosophies
- Models are more abstract than theories
- Focus on patient’s capacity for self-care
Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model
- Focuses on the patient's capacity for self-care
- Identifies deficits the patient may have in providing their own self-care
Imogene King’s Interacting System Framework Theory and Theory of Goal Attainment
- Nurse focus on goal attainment for and by the patient
- Explore goals the nurse and patient can set together to restore the patient to health
### Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model
- Offers a comprehensive understanding of nursing from the perspective of adaptation
- Focuses on how the nurse can modify the patient’s environment to facilitate adaptation
### Grand to Middle Range Theories
- Grand theory is a broad conceptualization of nursing phenomena
- Middle Range theory is narrower in focus and connects grand theories with nursing practice
- Middle Range theory focuses on a specific aspect of nursing, incorporating a limited number of concepts
- Middle range theories typically merge practice and research, merging empirical research into a larger theory
- Theories are less abstract than models and propose specific outcomes
Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
- Relationship between the patient and nurse is the focus of attention
- Focuses on the relationship, rather than only the patient
### Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory
- Deals with specific nurse-patient interactions
- Goal of the nurse is to determine and meet patient’s immediate needs to improve their condition by relieving distress or discomfort
- Emphasizes deliberate actions rather than automatic reactions based on observation of the patient’s verbal and nonverbal behavior, which lead to inferences
- Inferences are confirmed or disconfirmed by the patient, which helps the nurse identify the patient’s needs and provide effective nursing care
### Leininger’s Theory in Practice: The Sunrise Model
- Nursing outcome is culturally congruent nursing care for the patient
- Guides assessment of cultural data to understand its influence on the patient's life
- Nurse plans care while recognizing the health beliefs and folk practices of the patient’s culture
- Focuses on cultural care preservation, accommodation, or repatterning, depending on the patient’s needs
### Examples of Middle Range Theories of Nursing
- Swanson’s Caring Theory
- Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Theory
- Jezewski’s Cultural Brokering Theory
- Dobratz Theory
### Using Theory: Theory-Based Education
- Nursing curricula are built around specific conceptual models of concepts
- Nurses intentionally structure practice around a particular nursing theory to guide them in their assessment, planning, diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation
- Nursing evolved from a vocation dependent on knowledge from other disciplines to a profession with its own knowledge base
- This growth has stimulated the development of the nursing PhD degree, generating new, discipline-specific knowledge, and focusing on the philosophy of nursing science, the generation of nursing knowledge, theory testing, and the development of new theory
- Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) or Masters of Science in Nursing (MSN) are primary providers in advanced practice focused on specific patient nursing outcomes
- BSN nurses are introduced to the research process, evidence-based practice, and use of theory to guide nursing practice
- Associate Degree nurses use nursing theory to teach the unique perspective of nursing
- Theory shapes, facilitates, contributes, and helps develop nursing practice
### Nursing Theory Ultimate Goal
- Support excellence in practice
### Nursing Research
- Tests and refines the knowledge base of nursing
- Improves the quality of care and understanding of how evidence-based practice influences improved patient outcomes
### Scientific Method
- Systematic way of thinking and solving problems
### Bias
- Refers to systematic distortion of a finding from data, often resulting from a problem with the sample
### Quantitative Research
- Uses measurable variables with outcomes from standardized experimental designs and hypothesis
### Qualitative Research
- Relies on data collection techniques like narrative interviews and participant observation
### Mixed Methods
- Combining qualitative and qualitative research
### Science
- Pure Science explains the universe without regard to if the information is useful
- Applied Science is the practical application of scientific theories and laws
- Translational Research takes findings discovered in the lab and research to develop bedside applications
### Inductive Reasoning
- Small to big
- Proceeds from particular experiences to generalizations
- Inferences are made that lead to further research
### Deductive Reasoning
- Big to small
- Conclusions are drawn by logical inference from given premises
### Limitations of Strict Definition of Scientific Method in Nursing
- Healthcare settings are not comparable with laboratories
- Human beings are more than a collection of parts that can be dissected and examined
- The claim for objectivity
### Where Does Nursing Research Come From?
- Clinical Practice
- Theories
- Literature
### Nursing Research
- Systematic investigation of phenomena related to improving patient care
- A problem may be amenable to being addressed by research if:
- A conceptual framework exists or can be constructed
- Based on related research findings
- Designed carefully
### State Boards of Nursing and Nursing Education
- Set and enforce minimum criteria for nursing education
- Applicants for licensure must graduate from a state-approved nursing education program
- Schools of nursing must have state approval to operate
- State approvals are less stringent than national accreditation standards
- Some states require national accreditation to achieve state approval
### State Boards of Nursing and Sanctions
- Prohibit, suspend, or revoke nursing license
- Most common reason for disciplining nurses is practicing while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
- State boards have the power to sanction nurses for performing professional functions that are dangerous to patients or the general public
### Rehabilitation of Nurses Who Are Impaired By Mental Health Issues or Substance Abuse
- ANA (1990) and Nursing Disciplinary Diversion Act
- NCSBN (2015) Substance Abuse Disorder of Nursing
- Comprehensive resource to assist with evaluation, treatment, and management of nurses with substance problems
### NCLEX
- Minimum of 75 questions, maximum of 265 questions
- Duration of 6 hours
- Licensure exam is updated regularly and tests critical thinking and nursing competence in all phases of the nursing process
### Licensure by Endorsement
- RN can practice in different states without having to take another licensing exam
- Requirements: proof of licensure in another state and a licensure fee
- Compact
- NCSBN (2000) developed the Nurse Licensure Compact
- 2015: NLC adopted by 24 states, 6 states with pending legislation, 1 state enacted but implementation is pending
- Each state wishing to participate in the compact must pass legislation enabling the board of nursing to enter into the interstate NLC
### Homeostasis
- Internal stability
### Systems and Nursing Practice
- Hospital system
### Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Published in 1954
- Hierarchy of needs: Physiological needs, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization
- Rejected Freud and Pavlov
- Presented human needs theory motivated by intrinsic needs
- Assumptions about needs:
- Needs vary
- Homeostasis is threatened when needs are not met
### Environmental Systems
- Family
- Most direct influence on a person
- Cultural
- Increased number of diverse groups
- Ethnocentrism: Making judgments
- Social
- Increased illness following social change
- Support and social networks
- Community, National, and the World
- Impact of nurses and hospitals
- National and global influence
### Health
- WHO Definition: State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- Holistic View
- Focuses on the interrelationship of all parts that make up the person
- Nursing embraces a holistic view of health
- Jan Christian Smuts: modern western model; harmony between people and nature
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Description
This quiz covers key conceptual models in nursing that enhance critical thinking and self-care approaches. It includes Orem's Self-Care Model, King's Interacting System Framework, and Roy's Adaptation Model. Ensure you understand how these models inform nursing practice and patient interactions.
