Concepts of Disease and Health

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a key priority for action identified in the content?

Reducing health care costs

Minimizing government intervention in health

Enhancing medical technology

Promoting social responsibility for health (correct)

Which charter emphasizes strong political action and sustained advocacy as essential elements for health?

New York Charter

Bangkok Charter (correct)

Paris Declaration

Toronto Charter

Which of the following is listed as a social determinant of health?

Transportation options

Housing (correct)

Dietary choices

Health literacy

What term describes the absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities?

Health equity Signup and view all the answers

Which social determinant of health is most influential in determining other determinants?

Income and Income Distribution Signup and view all the answers

What does food insecurity refer to?

Being without reliable access to affordable food Signup and view all the answers

What are considered behavioral risk factors according to the content?

Smoking, substance use, lack of exercise, and an unhealthy diet Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is closely linked with socioeconomic status?

Education Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the importance of social structures in health?

Socioenvironmental Approach Signup and view all the answers

Which document first acknowledged the inadequacy of the biomedical health care system?

Lalonde Report Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes health differences closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages?

Health disparities Signup and view all the answers

According to the Ottawa Charter, which of the following is NOT listed as a prerequisite for health?

Access to Technology Signup and view all the answers

What is one of Epp's three major health challenges?

Reducing inequities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter?

Improving health technology Signup and view all the answers

According to the Population Health Approach, what factors are taken into account for planning health improvements?

Collective factors and conditions affecting health Signup and view all the answers

What threat to health was declared as the greatest in the Jakarta Declaration?

Poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between disease and illness?

Disease is an objective state of ill health. Signup and view all the answers

According to the WHO definition, health is described as:

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement aligns with the socioenvironmental approach to health?

Health is enhanced by a sensible lifestyle and equitable access to resources. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'downstream thinking' refer to in the context of health?

An approach that focuses on individual health concerns and treatment. Signup and view all the answers

How does Labonte categorize the determinants of health?

Through psychosocial and socioenvironmental risk conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of unemployment on health according to the content?

Psychological stress and health challenges Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered a characteristic of healthy workplaces?

Job insecurity Signup and view all the answers

How does food insecurity affect health?

It is linked to child health and well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a negative aspect of inadequate housing?

Presence of hazardous materials Signup and view all the answers

What role does social support play in health outcomes?

It is linked to better health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes the least to a population's health status?

Health care services Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential health effects of contaminants in the physical environment?

Physical illnesses such as cancer and respiratory issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following issues can arise from social exclusion?

Increased stress and vulnerability to disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor contributing to health inequities among Indigenous peoples in Canada?

Racism and historical discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes systemic racism?

Racism embedded in laws and policies Signup and view all the answers

What does primary prevention aim to achieve?

Protect against disease before it occurs Signup and view all the answers

How does racialization affect health outcomes?

It limits access to health resources and fosters unhealthy behaviors Signup and view all the answers

In what way can gender influence health?

Through social roles that affect behaviours and health status Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of health promotion initiatives?

Enhancing well-being and self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

Which example corresponds to secondary prevention?

Colonoscopy for early detection of colorectal cancer Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cultural factors' refer to in the context of health care interactions?

Cultural influences on health-related lifestyle choices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disease and Illness

Disease: objective state of ill health detectable by medical science
Illness: subjective experience of loss of health

Health

Objective process characterized by functional stability, balance, and integrity
World Health Organization definition: a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Wellness

Subjective experience

Health Conceptualization

Card (2017): health as the experience of physical and psychological well-being
Jones and Meleis (1993): health as empowerment
Labonte (1993): health promotion
- Psychosocial risk factors: complex psychological experiences
- Socioenvironmental risk conditions: social and environmental living conditions

Historical Approaches to Health

Medical Approach

Emphasizes medical intervention to restore health
Downstream thinking: focuses on individual health concerns, treatment, and cure

Behavioral Approach

Lalonde Report
- Acknowledgement that the traditional medical approach to health care was inadequate.
- Defined health determinants as lifestyle, environment, human biology, and the organization of health care.

Socioenvironmental Approach

Health is closely tied to social structures
Upstream thinking approach: focused on policy interventions that benefit the whole population
Ottawa Charter:
- Prerequisites for health: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity.
- Strategies to promote health: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.

Population Health Approach

Takes into account the entire range of factors and conditions that determine population health status.
Social determinants of health:
- Income and income distribution
- Education
- Unemployment and job security
- Employment and working conditions
- Early childhood development
- Food insecurity
- Housing
- Social exclusion
- Social safety network
- Health services
- Indigenous status
- Gender
- Race
- Disability

Health Promotion

Directed towards increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization

Disease Prevention

Action to avoid or forestall illness/disease

Levels of Disease Prevention

Primary Prevention Activities: protect against a disease before signs and symptoms occur
Secondary Prevention: promote early detection of disease after pathogenesis has occurred
Tertiary prevention: limit the impact of disease on quality of life.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the distinctions between disease and illness, as well as various health conceptualizations. This quiz also covers historical approaches to health, including medical and behavioral perspectives, emphasizing the importance of psychosocial factors. Test your understanding of these critical health concepts!