Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key priority for action identified in the content?
What is a key priority for action identified in the content?
- Reducing health care costs
- Minimizing government intervention in health
- Enhancing medical technology
- Promoting social responsibility for health (correct)
Which charter emphasizes strong political action and sustained advocacy as essential elements for health?
Which charter emphasizes strong political action and sustained advocacy as essential elements for health?
- New York Charter
- Bangkok Charter (correct)
- Paris Declaration
- Toronto Charter
Which of the following is listed as a social determinant of health?
Which of the following is listed as a social determinant of health?
- Transportation options
- Housing (correct)
- Dietary choices
- Health literacy
What term describes the absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities?
What term describes the absence of unfair systems and policies that cause health inequalities?
Which social determinant of health is most influential in determining other determinants?
Which social determinant of health is most influential in determining other determinants?
What does food insecurity refer to?
What does food insecurity refer to?
What are considered behavioral risk factors according to the content?
What are considered behavioral risk factors according to the content?
Which factor is closely linked with socioeconomic status?
Which factor is closely linked with socioeconomic status?
Which approach emphasizes the importance of social structures in health?
Which approach emphasizes the importance of social structures in health?
Which document first acknowledged the inadequacy of the biomedical health care system?
Which document first acknowledged the inadequacy of the biomedical health care system?
Which term describes health differences closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages?
Which term describes health differences closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages?
According to the Ottawa Charter, which of the following is NOT listed as a prerequisite for health?
According to the Ottawa Charter, which of the following is NOT listed as a prerequisite for health?
What is one of Epp's three major health challenges?
What is one of Epp's three major health challenges?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five major strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five major strategies outlined in the Ottawa Charter?
According to the Population Health Approach, what factors are taken into account for planning health improvements?
According to the Population Health Approach, what factors are taken into account for planning health improvements?
What threat to health was declared as the greatest in the Jakarta Declaration?
What threat to health was declared as the greatest in the Jakarta Declaration?
What is the distinction between disease and illness?
What is the distinction between disease and illness?
According to the WHO definition, health is described as:
According to the WHO definition, health is described as:
Which statement aligns with the socioenvironmental approach to health?
Which statement aligns with the socioenvironmental approach to health?
What does the term 'downstream thinking' refer to in the context of health?
What does the term 'downstream thinking' refer to in the context of health?
How does Labonte categorize the determinants of health?
How does Labonte categorize the determinants of health?
What is a significant effect of unemployment on health according to the content?
What is a significant effect of unemployment on health according to the content?
Which factor is NOT considered a characteristic of healthy workplaces?
Which factor is NOT considered a characteristic of healthy workplaces?
How does food insecurity affect health?
How does food insecurity affect health?
Which of the following is considered a negative aspect of inadequate housing?
Which of the following is considered a negative aspect of inadequate housing?
What role does social support play in health outcomes?
What role does social support play in health outcomes?
Which factor contributes the least to a population's health status?
Which factor contributes the least to a population's health status?
What are the potential health effects of contaminants in the physical environment?
What are the potential health effects of contaminants in the physical environment?
Which of the following issues can arise from social exclusion?
Which of the following issues can arise from social exclusion?
What is the main factor contributing to health inequities among Indigenous peoples in Canada?
What is the main factor contributing to health inequities among Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Which of the following best describes systemic racism?
Which of the following best describes systemic racism?
What does primary prevention aim to achieve?
What does primary prevention aim to achieve?
How does racialization affect health outcomes?
How does racialization affect health outcomes?
In what way can gender influence health?
In what way can gender influence health?
What is the essence of health promotion initiatives?
What is the essence of health promotion initiatives?
Which example corresponds to secondary prevention?
Which example corresponds to secondary prevention?
What does the term 'cultural factors' refer to in the context of health care interactions?
What does the term 'cultural factors' refer to in the context of health care interactions?
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Study Notes
Disease and Illness
- Disease: objective state of ill health detectable by medical science
- Illness: subjective experience of loss of health
Health
- Objective process characterized by functional stability, balance, and integrity
- World Health Organization definition: a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Wellness
- Subjective experience
Health Conceptualization
- Card (2017): health as the experience of physical and psychological well-being
- Jones and Meleis (1993): health as empowerment
- Labonte (1993): health promotion
- Psychosocial risk factors: complex psychological experiences
- Socioenvironmental risk conditions: social and environmental living conditions
Historical Approaches to Health
Medical Approach
- Emphasizes medical intervention to restore health
- Downstream thinking: focuses on individual health concerns, treatment, and cure
Behavioral Approach
- Lalonde Report
- Acknowledgement that the traditional medical approach to health care was inadequate.
- Defined health determinants as lifestyle, environment, human biology, and the organization of health care.
Socioenvironmental Approach
- Health is closely tied to social structures
- Upstream thinking approach: focused on policy interventions that benefit the whole population
- Ottawa Charter:
- Prerequisites for health: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity.
- Strategies to promote health: building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.
Population Health Approach
- Takes into account the entire range of factors and conditions that determine population health status.
- Social determinants of health:
- Income and income distribution
- Education
- Unemployment and job security
- Employment and working conditions
- Early childhood development
- Food insecurity
- Housing
- Social exclusion
- Social safety network
- Health services
- Indigenous status
- Gender
- Race
- Disability
Health Promotion
- Directed towards increasing the level of well-being and self-actualization
Disease Prevention
- Action to avoid or forestall illness/disease
Levels of Disease Prevention
- Primary Prevention Activities: protect against a disease before signs and symptoms occur
- Secondary Prevention: promote early detection of disease after pathogenesis has occurred
- Tertiary prevention: limit the impact of disease on quality of life.
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