Questions and Answers
What is defined as the state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally, and socially?
Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease?
What distinguishes a healthy individual from a disease-free individual?
Which type of disease does not recover completely and lasts for a long period of time?
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What are the immediate causes of diseases often categorized as?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of infectious diseases?
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What type of diseases are caused by factors like dirty water and contaminated food?
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Which of the following can be classified as an acute disease?
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What characterizes infectious diseases?
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How do antibiotics function?
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Which of the following diseases is spread through air?
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What is a primary method for treating an infectious disease?
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What role do vectors play in the spread of infectious diseases?
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What is the result of an initial immune system response to an infectious microbe?
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What is the effect of penicillin on bacteria?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of spreading infectious diseases?
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Study Notes
Health and Disease
- Health is defined as the ability to function well physically, mentally, and socially.
- Disease refers to disturbances in the structure or function of any organ, often caused by pathogens, poor nutrition, or an unbalanced diet.
Difference between Healthy and Disease-Free
- Being healthy encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being.
- Being disease-free indicates the absence of diseases and does not guarantee overall health.
Types of Diseases
- Acute diseases: Last for short periods; examples include influenza and the common cold.
- Chronic diseases: Persist for long durations, sometimes for a lifetime; examples include tuberculosis and cancer.
Acute vs. Chronic Diseases
- Acute diseases have short-term effects and generally recover completely.
- Chronic diseases have long-term effects and may not recover completely, e.g., diabetes or tuberculosis.
Causes of Diseases
- Immediate causes: Pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa directly induce disease.
- Contributory causes: Factors that facilitate the entry of pathogens, like dirty water and contaminated food.
Infectious vs. Non-Infectious Causes
- Infectious diseases: Caused by microbes, can spread from person to person.
- Non-infectious diseases: Internal diseases that do not spread, such as cancer.
Infectious Diseases
- Communicable diseases spread easily from one individual to another.
- Antibiotics target bacterial diseases by blocking essential processes, like cell wall formation, in bacteria.
Means of Spread of Infectious Diseases
- Airborne transmission: Common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis.
- Food and water: Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis.
- Sexual contact: AIDS, syphilis.
- Vectors: Animals and mosquitoes transfer infectious agents between hosts.
Inflammation
- An immune response involving recruitment of cells to affected tissues, resulting in swelling, pain, and fever.
Principles of Treatment
- General method: Reducing disease effects through medicine and vaccinations.
- Specific method: Killing disease causes through hygiene, purified water, and balanced diets.
Immunisation
- Prior exposure to diseases like smallpox grants immunity and prevents future infections due to the immune system's memory of the pathogen.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in health and disease from Chapter 13 for Class 9. It covers definitions of health, the impact of diseases, and distinctions between being healthy and disease-free. Test your understanding of these essential topics.
