Concept of Man, Health, Illness by Mr. Jeff Edwards Catabay
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Questions and Answers

What has health been defined as, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?

  • A state of complete physical well-being only
  • The absence of disease only
  • The absence of infirmity only
  • A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)

    • According to Talcott Parsons, how has health been defined?

  • A process
  • A state
  • A condition
  • An adjustment (correct)

    • How is man described in terms of his spiritual being?

  • Similar to other men
  • Like no other man
  • Like all other men (correct)
  • Like some other man

    • How are health and illness described in relation to each other?

    <p>Illness does not preclude health nor does optimal health preclude illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the Neuman Systems Model view man?

    <p>As a unified whole composed of independent parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the US President’s Commission on Health Needs of the Nation state about health?

    <p>Health is a process that adapts the individual to physical and social environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Sick Role Theory' suggest about the rights of clients?

    <p>Clients are not held responsible for their condition, even if the illness was partially caused by an individual's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an obligation of clients?

    <p>Clients are obliged to try to get well as quickly as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in the text to describe the ways individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system?

    <p>Illness Behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must many clients learn to do?

    <p>Modify their activities of daily living, social relationships, and perceptions of self and body image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key aspects of the 'Sick Role Theory' mentioned in the text?

    <p>Clients are not held responsible for their condition, even if the illness was partially caused by an individual's behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Suchman's model is characterized by the client seeking medical care?

    <p>Stage 3: Medical Care Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential impacts of illness on the client's self-esteem and self-concept?

    <p>Decreased self-esteem and self-concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential impact of illness on the family?

    <p>Improved social customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nurse in helping clients cope with the effects of illness?

    <p>Helping clients express their thoughts and feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way nurses can support clients' autonomy and participation in decision-making?

    <p>Limiting the client's right to self-determination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the narrowest interpretation of health according to the text?

    <p>The presence or absence of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of basic human needs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Needs can be prioritized based on importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the role performance model, what is the definition of health?

    <p>The ability to fulfill societal roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of basic human needs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Needs can be prioritized based on importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motivation for human behavior?

    <p>Meeting basic human needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following models of health and wellness is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Ecological model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of the Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid influences an individual's lifestyle choices and way of life?

    <p>Cognitive Dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Health Locus of Control Model suggest about an individual's likelihood of taking action regarding their health?

    <p>Individuals believe their health is a combination of their own control and external factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered an 'external variable' in the Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid?

    <p>Cognitive Dimension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the three interdependent variables in the Rosenstock and Becker's Health Belief Models?

    <p>The variables depend on each other for simultaneous action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Health Care Adherence' refer to according to the text?

    <p>The extent to which an individual's behavior matches medical or health advice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concept of Man

    • Man is a biosychosocial and spiritual being in constant contact with the environment.
    • As a biologic being, man is like other men.
    • As a psychologic being, man is like no other man.
    • As a social being, man is like some other men.
    • As a spiritual being, man is like all other men.
    • Man is composed of subsystems and suprasystems and is a unified whole composed of parts that are independent and interrelated with each other.

    Health and Illness

    • Health is not a condition, but an adjustment process that adapts the individual to their physical and social environments.
    • Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
    • Illness does not preclude health, and optimal health does not preclude illness.
    • Clients may need to modify their activities of daily living, social relationships, and perceptions of self and body image.

    Illness Behaviors

    • Coping mechanisms involve ways individuals describe, monitor, and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the healthcare system.
    • Talcott Parson's Sick Role Theory (1951) outlines:
      • Rights of Clients: not held responsible for their condition, excused from certain social roles and tasks, and have the right to be taken care of.
      • Obligations of Clients: to try to get well as quickly as possible and to seek competent help.

    Stages of Illness

    • Edward A. Suchman's 5 Stages of Illness:
      • Stage 1: Symptom Experience
      • Stage 2: Assumption of Sick Role
      • Stage 3: Medical Care Contact
      • Stage 4: Dependent Client Care
      • Stage 5: Recovery or Rehabilitation

    Effects of Illness

    • Impact on the Client:
      • Body image or physical appearance
      • Self-esteem and self-concept
      • Dependence on others
      • Unemployment, financial problems
      • Inability to participate in social functions
    • Impact on the Family:
      • Role changes
      • Increased stress
      • Financial problems
      • Changes in social customs
      • Loneliness as a result of separation and pending loss

    Nursing Roles

    • Nurses need to help clients express their thoughts and feelings, and to provide care that helps clients cope with change.
    • Nurses should support clients' right to autonomy and provide sufficient information to participate in decision-making processes.
    • Nurses can help clients adjust their lifestyles.

    Basic Human Needs

    • Each individual has a unique character, but certain needs are common to all people.
    • Human needs are physiological and psychological conditions that an individual must meet to achieve a state of well-being.
    • Characteristics of basic human needs:
      • Universal
      • Can be met in different ways
      • Can be deferred
      • Interrelated
      • Unmet needs can lead to disruption of normal body activities and eventual illness

    Concept of Health, Wellness, and Well-being

    • Health was previously defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease.
    • Health can be defined as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent (Florence Nightingale, 1860/1969).

    Models of Health and Wellness

    • Clinical Model: narrowest interpretation of health, focuses on the absence of disease.
    • Role Performance Model: health is defined in terms of an individual's ability to fulfill societal roles.
    • Dunn's High-Level Wellness Grid: considers multiple variables influencing health status, beliefs, and practices.

    Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices

    • Internal Variables (non-modifiable):
      • Biologic Dimension (genetic makeup)
      • Psychological Dimension (influence the mind and body)
      • Cognitive Dimension (lifestyle choices)
    • External Variables:
      • Environment
      • Standards of Living
      • Family and Cultural Beliefs
      • Social Support Networks

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    Description

    Explore the concept of man as a biosychosocial and spiritual being in constant interaction with the environment. Learn about the various subsystems and suprasystems that make up the unified whole of man.

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