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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the clinical model?
According to the adaptive model, what is health?
What is the focus of the agent-host-environment model?
According to the eudaimonistic model, what is health?
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What was the primary believed cause of disease in the early Filipino beliefs?
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What is the main difference between the clinical model and the role performance model?
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Who was asked to recruit female nurses for the Crimean war?
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What is a characteristic of an art?
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What is the common thread among the models of health and wellness?
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What was the name of Florence Nightingale's training school for nurses?
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What is the quote 'The presence of illness does not preclude health, nor does optimal health preclude illness' suggesting?
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What was the name of Florence Nightingale's two famous books?
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What was the purpose of trephining in ancient times?
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What is a human being, according to the concept of man?
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What is a characteristic that distinguishes human beings from one another?
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In what century did the modern nursing era begin?
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What is a common characteristic of human needs?
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What was the role of the priest/physician in the early Filipino beliefs?
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What marked the period of contemporary nursing in the 20th century?
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What happens when a human need is not met?
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How did Florence Nightingale define health?
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What is a key characteristic of a profession?
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What is a defining feature of an occupation?
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According to the WHO, what is health?
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What is a characteristic of health, according to U.S. President's Commission on Health Needs of the Nation?
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What is a characteristic of a professional nurse?
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What was nursing like in prehistoric times among primitive tribes?
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What is a key aspect of the concept of health and wellness?
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What is a key aspect of a profession?
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What is a characteristic of a professional nurse?
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What is a defining feature of a profession?
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What is a characteristic of a professional nurse?
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What were Filipino men called who practiced witchcraft to treat diseases?
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Who cared for sick family members or friends in the early Filipino community?
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What was the name of the hospital established in 1577 to care for Spanish soldiers?
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What was the origin of the word 'nurse'?
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What was the name of the hospital established in 1586 to care for leprosy patients?
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Who were the first male nurses acknowledged in the Philippines?
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What was the name of the hospital established in 1590 near a medicinal spring?
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What was the name of the hospital established in 1596 and administered by the Hospitallers of San Juan de Dios?
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Study Notes
Concept of Man
- Man is a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual being who is in constant contact with the environment.
- As a biologic being, man is like other men.
- As a psychologic being, man is like no other man.
- As a social being, man is like some other men.
- As a spiritual being, man is like all other men.
Four Major Attributes of a Human Being
- The capacity to think or conceptualize on the abstract level.
- Family formation.
- The tendency to seek and maintain territory.
- The ability to use verbal symbols as language, a means of developing and maintaining culture.
Basic Human Needs
- Each individual has a unique characteristic, but certain needs are common to all people.
- Human needs are physiologic and psychologic conditions that an individual must meet to achieve a state of well-being.
- Characteristics of basic human needs:
- Needs are universal.
- Needs may be met in different ways.
- Needs may be deferred.
- Needs may be interrelated.
- An unmet human need results in disruption of normal body activities and frequently leads to eventual illness.
Concepts of Health, Wellness, and Well-being
- Health was defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease.
- Florence Nightingale (1860/1969) defined health as a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent.
- Health has also been defined in terms of role and performance by Talcott Parsons (1951).
- The U.S. President's Commission on Health Needs of the Nation (1953) defined health as an adjustment to the physical and social environment.
- The World Health Organization (1948) defined health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
- The American Nurses Association (2010) defined health and illness as human experiences, and the presence of illness does not preclude health, nor does optimal health preclude illness.
Models of Health and Wellness
- Clinical model: views health as the absence of disease or sickness.
- Role performance model: defines health in terms of an individual's ability to fulfill societal roles.
- Adaptive model: views health as a creative process; disease is a failure in adaptation or maladaptation.
- Eudaimonistic model: incorporates a comprehensive view of health, seeing it as a condition of actualization or realization of a person's potential.
- Agent-host-environment model: views health and illness as a dynamic interaction between the agent, host, and environment.
Nursing as a Profession
- Definition: a profession is a form of employment especially one that is respected in society as honorable and is possible only for an educated person and after training in some special branch of knowledge.
- Characteristics of a profession:
- Education: requires an extended education of its members, as well as basic liberal foundation.
- Theory: has a theoretical body of knowledge leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms.
- Service: provides basic service.
- Autonomy: members of a profession have autonomy in decision-making and in practice.
- Code of Ethics: the profession as a whole has a code of ethics for practice.
Professional Nurse
- Definition: a graduate of a recognized nursing school who has met the requirements for a registered nursing license in a state in which she is licensed to practice.
- Characteristics:
- Honesty and loyalty.
- Discipline and obedience.
- Alertness and intelligent observation.
- Technical competence.
- Adjustability.
- Ability to inspire confidence.
- Resourcefulness.
Period of Intuitive Nursing/Medieval Period
- Prehistoric times: nursing was "untaught" and "instinctive".
- Illness was believed to be caused by evil spirits.
- Medicine man/shaman: used herbs and rituals to treat illnesses.
Period of Educated Nursing/Nightingale Era
- 19th-20th century: modern nursing emerged.
- Florence Nightingale (May 12, 1820): considered the founder of modern nursing.
- Two books: "Notes in Nursing" and "Notes in Hospital".
- Established the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas Hospital in London.
- Nursing evolved as an art and science.
- Formal nursing education and nursing service began.
Period of Contemporary Nursing/20th Century
- 20th century: licensure of nurses started.
- Specialization of hospital and diagnosis.
- Training of nurses in diploma programs.
- Development of baccalaureate and advanced degree programs.
- Scientific and technological developments as well as social changes mark this period.
Early Beliefs and Practices
- Mysticism and superstitions: early beliefs of health and illness in the Philippines.
- The cause of a disease was primarily believed to be due to another person, a witch, or evil spirits.
- Use of herbs and rituals to treat illnesses.
- Belief in special gods of healing, with the priest-physician as intermediary.
- Herb doctors (herbolarios) used leaves or roots to treat illnesses.
History of Nursing in the Philippines
- Early care of the sick: Filipinos subscribed to superstitious beliefs and practices in relation to health and sickness.
- Herbicherous: herb men who practiced witchcraft.
- Health care during the Spanish regime:
- Male nurses (practicante or enfermero) were acknowledged as Spanish friars' assistants for caring for sick individuals in the hospital.
- Earliest hospitals:
- Hospital Real de Manila (1577): established mainly to care for the Spanish king's soldiers, but also admitted Spanish civilians.
- San Lazaro Hospital (1578): founded by Brother Juan Clemente and was administered for many years by the Hospitallers of San Juan de Dios.
- Hospital de Indios (1586): established by the Franciscan Order; service was in general supported by alms and contributions from charitable persons.
- Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590): established in Laguna; near a medicinal spring, founded by Brother J. Bautista of the Franciscan Order.
- San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596): founded by the Brotherhood of Misericordia and administered by the Hospitallers of San Juan de Dios; support was delivered from alms and rents; rendered general health service to the public.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of man as a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual being, highlighting the four major attributes of a human being. It delves into the abstract thinking, family formation, and other aspects that define human nature.
