Unit 4: Concept Matching Quiz

Common good = A resource that is non-excludable but rivalrous, meaning it gets overused. Toll good = A resource for which users are charged, but one user's consumption doesn’t reduce availability for others. Private good = A good that is excludable and rivalrous, meaning one person’s use prevents another’s. Public good = A good everyone can use without reducing its availability, and no one can be excluded from using it.

Tragedy of the Commons = Overuse of shared resources due to individual self-interest. Privatization = Assigning ownership of resources to individuals to prevent overuse. Mutual Coercion = Introducing regulations, penalties, or taxes to control resource use. Carbon Taxation = A pricing mechanism to internalize externalities caused by emissions.

Pollution in the Commons = The act of adding waste (like chemicals or pollutants) into shared resources. Local Rules = Rules created to govern the use of common goods that match local needs and conditions. Bottom-Up Governance (Ostrom) = A system where communities self-govern shared resources. Overfishing = An example of overexploitation of a common good.

<p>Overexploitation = Overuse of natural resources without regard to long-term sustainability. Monitoring and Sanctions = Key to ensuring rule compliance in community-based management. Proportional Equivalence = One of Elinor Ostrom’s principles, requiring proportional costs and benefits for each user. Trust in Community = A crucial element for the success of bottom-up governance systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tragedy of the Commons = Fishermen overfishing a shared area of the ocean, depleting fish stocks. Privatization = Selling individual fishing quotas to limit overfishing and allow sustainable resource use. Public good = Clean air, where everyone benefits and no one can be excluded. Toll good = Paying a fee to watch a movie on Netflix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutual Coercion = Imposing limits and fines on water usage to prevent drought. Community-Based Governance = A group of villagers agreeing on fishing rules and monitoring each other to prevent overfishing. Carbon Taxation = Charging companies for each ton of CO2 they emit. Privatization = Selling parts of a common forest to individuals to ensure they manage the land responsibly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common good = Fishing grounds where each fisherman’s catch reduces the number of fish available for others. Private good = A pizza, where one person’s consumption directly reduces the amount available for others. Public good = National defense, where everyone in the country benefits and no one can be excluded. Toll good = A highway with a toll booth, where you pay to use the road, but others can still use it without affecting your use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pollution in the Commons = Factories discharging untreated chemicals into a river that is shared by multiple communities. Overexploitation = Companies relocating their factories to countries with lower environmental standards. Bottum-Up Governance (Ostrom) = Farmers in a village agree to limit the amount of water they use from a shared river. Privatization as a Solution = Granting private ownership of forest land to individual owners to prevent illegal logging.</p> Signup and view all the answers