Questions and Answers
Solutions are ______ mixtures of 2 or more substances.
homogenous
What is the substance that is dissolved?
solute
What is the substance that does the dissolving?
solvent
A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be ______ in that substance.
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A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is said to be _______ in that solvent.
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2 liquids that are soluble in each other are called ________.
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2 liquids that are insoluble in each other are called ______.
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What is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure?
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What is a solution called that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure?
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What do you call a solution that has less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved for a given temperature and pressure?
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What contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature?
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What is a supersaturated solution made by? Forming a _______ solution at high temp and then cooling it slowly.
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What is a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution?
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What is the most common unit of solution concentration?
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3 factors that affect the rate of dissolving are surface area, stirring, and ________.
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The greater the ______ of a solid, the faster it can be dissolved.
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________ increases the contact between the solvent and solute surface, speeding up the rate of dissolving.
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Raising the ______ of a solvent causes its particles to move more rapidly, which speeds up the dissolving.
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What is a physical property of solutions that is affected by the concentration of solute particles but NOT by the type of substance being dissolved?
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3 colligative properties are Vapor Pressure Lowering, Boiling Point Elevation, and ___________.
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The vapor pressure of a solution containing a solute is higher than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.
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If a liquid has a solute dissolved in it, then its boiling point is lower than normal.
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The temperature difference between a solution's boiling point and a pure solvent's boiling point is called the _________.
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If a liquid has a solute dissolved in it, its freezing point is higher than normal.
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The difference in temperature between the freezing point of a solution and the freezing point of its pure solvent is called the __________.
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The ______ of a solution is another way to express its concentration.
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What is the formula for molality (m)?
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Study Notes
Solutions and Components
- Solutions are homogenous mixtures of 2 or more substances.
- Solute is the substance that is dissolved in a solution.
- Solvent is the substance that does the dissolving within a solution.
Solubility Terms
- A substance that dissolves in a solvent is termed soluble.
- A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is classified as insoluble.
- Two liquids that are soluble in each other are referred to as miscible.
- Two liquids that are insoluble in each other are known as immiscible.
Types of Solutions
- Solubility refers to the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.
- A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a specific temperature and pressure.
- Unsaturated solutions have less than the maximum solute dissolved, while supersaturated solutions contain more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same conditions.
Creating Supersaturated Solutions
- Supersaturated solutions are formed by first creating a saturated solution at a high temperature and then cooling it slowly.
Concentration
- Concentration measures how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution.
- Molarity is the most common unit for expressing solution concentration.
Factors Affecting Dissolving Rate
- Rate of dissolving is influenced by surface area, stirring, and temperature.
- Increasing the surface area of a solid accelerates its dissolving rate.
- Stirring enhances the contact between solvent and solute, speeding up dissolution.
- Raising the temperature of a solvent increases particle movement, thus speeding up the dissolving process.
Colligative Properties
- Colligative properties depend on the concentration of solute particles, not on the type of solute.
- Examples of colligative properties include Vapor Pressure Lowering, Boiling Point Elevation, and Freezing Point Depression.
Boiling and Freezing Point Changes
- The vapor pressure of a solution with a solute is lower than that of the pure solvent.
- A solution's boiling point is higher than that of the pure solvent, leading to boiling point elevation.
- The temperature difference between a solution’s boiling point and that of its pure solvent is termed boiling point elevation.
- A solution's freezing point is lower than that of the pure solvent, leading to freezing point depression.
- The difference in temperature between a solution's freezing point and that of its pure solvent is referred to as freezing point depression.
Alternative Concentration Measurements
- Molality offers an alternative way to express a solution's concentration.
- Molality is calculated using the formula: moles of solute per kg of solvent.
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Description
This set of flashcards covers essential concepts related to concentrated solutions, including definitions of key terms like solute, solvent, and solubility. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of how mixtures work in chemistry. Use these flashcards to prepare for exams and enhance your knowledge in the subject.
