Concave Mirrors: Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the reflecting surface of a concave mirror?

  • A flat plane
  • The inside of the curve (correct)
  • A combination of flat and curved
  • The outside of the curve

What is the term for the center point of a concave mirror?

  • Center of Curvature
  • Principal Axis
  • Focal Point
  • Pole (correct)

What happens to rays that pass through the focal point of a concave mirror before striking the mirror?

  • They retrace their original path
  • They become parallel after reflection (correct)
  • They are absorbed by the mirror
  • They converge at the center of curvature

What is the term for the distance between the object and the mirror?

<p>Object Distance (u) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rays passing through the center of curvature of a concave mirror?

<p>They retrace their path back through the center of curvature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the incoming light ray that strikes a surface?

<p>Incident ray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'normal' in the context of reflection?

<p>A line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

<p>The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of surface results in a regular or plane reflection?

<p>A smooth surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'reflection'?

<p>The bouncing of light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'u' represent in the spherical mirror formula $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$?

<p>Object distance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mirror is described by the magnification formula $m = -\frac{v}{u}$?

<p>Convex mirror (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of mirrors, what is 'f'?

<p>Focal length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'v' represent in the mirror formula: $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$?

<p>Image distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'm' represent in the formula $m = -\frac{v}{u}$?

<p>Magnification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is formed when an object is placed between the focal point (F) and a concave mirror?

<p>Virtual, upright, magnified (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an object is placed beyond the center of curvature (C) of a concave mirror, what are the properties of the image formed?

<p>Real, inverted, diminished (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an object is placed at the focal point (F) of a concave mirror?

<p>No image is formed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image is always formed by a convex mirror, regardless of the object's position?

<p>Virtual, upright, diminished (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal axis in the context of mirrors?

<p>A line passing through the center of curvature and the pole of the mirror. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another called?

<p>Refraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of refraction, what does 'n' represent in Snell's Law?

<p>Refractive index (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher refractive index indicate about the bending of light?

<p>Greater bending (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the below is a correct statement of Snell's Law?

<p>$n = \frac{\sin(i)}{\sin(r)}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the laws of refraction, where do the incident ray, the normal, and the refracted ray lie?

<p>The same plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between real depth, apparent depth, and refractive index?

<p>Refractive index is equal to real depth divided by apparent depth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In total internal reflection, light is reflected back into which medium?

<p>The denser medium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is necessary for total internal reflection to occur?

<p>Light travels from a denser to a rarer medium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence equals the critical angle?

<p>90° (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When viewing a fish underwater, why does it appear closer to the surface?

<p>Light refracts away from the normal as it exits the water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light when it travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium?

<p>It bends away from the normal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when the angle of incidence in a denser medium is greater than the critical angle?

<p>Total internal reflection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'n' represent in the formula $n = \frac{\sin(i)}{\sin(r)}$?

<p>Refractive index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the angle of refraction is 90°, how does $\sin(i)$ relate to the refractive index (n)?

<p>$\sin(i) = n$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of measure for the power of a lens?

<p>Diopters (D) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical relationship between the power of a lens and its focal length?

<p>Power = 1 / Focal length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quantities is represented by 'u' in the lens formula $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$?

<p>Object distance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'f' represent in the lens formula: $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{u} + \frac{1}{v}$?

<p>Focal length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two lenses are combined, what is the formula to calculate the total power (P) of the lens combination, given the powers of the individual lenses are $P_1$ and $P_2$?

<p>$P = P_1 + P_2$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon creates the effect of a 'Snell's window' when observing from underwater?

<p>Total internal reflection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example problem, what does the refractive index of water being $\frac{4}{3}$ indicate?

<p>Light travels slower in water than in air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the 'Snell's window' appear as a disc of light to an underwater observer?

<p>Light from above is refracted within a specific cone of angles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 'Snell's Window' problem, what is being calculated?

<p>The radius of the circle of light seen from underwater (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light rays that strike the water surface at angles greater than the critical angle?

<p>They are totally internally reflected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lens when the ciliary muscles are relaxed?

<p>The lens becomes thin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vision problem is characterized by the inability to see near objects clearly?

<p>Hyperopia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a person with normal vision, where is light focused when viewing objects?

<p>On the retina. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lens when the ciliary muscles contract?

<p>It becomes bulged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vision problem results in light focusing before reaching the retina?

<p>Short-sightedness (Myopia). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reflection

The bouncing of light off a surface.

Incident Ray

The incoming light ray before it hits a surface.

Reflected Ray

The outgoing light ray after bouncing off a surface.

Normal

A line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence.

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Angle of Incidence

The angle between the incident ray and the normal.

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Concave Mirror

A mirror with the reflecting surface on the inside of the curve.

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Object Distance (u)

The distance from the mirror to the object being reflected.

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Image Distance (v)

The distance from the mirror to the image formed by reflection.

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Focal Point (F)

The point where parallel rays converge after striking the mirror.

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Center of Curvature (C)

The center of the sphere from which the concave mirror is part.

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Focal Length of Mirror

The distance from the mirror's surface to its focal point, found using 1/f = 1/u + 1/v.

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Focal Length Formula

$ rac{1}{f} = rac{1}{u} + rac{1}{v}$ is used to calculate focal length.

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Magnification in Convex Mirror

The ratio of image height to object height, expressed as $m = -\frac{v}{u}$.

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Image Position in Convex Mirror

The position of the image formed by a convex mirror, typically virtual and upright.

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Nature of Image in Convex Mirror

Images formed are virtual, diminished, and upright.

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Real Depth

The actual distance of an object below the water surface.

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Apparent Depth

The perceived distance of an object when viewed through water.

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Refractive Index Formula

It relates real depth to apparent depth with n = real/apparent.

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Total Internal Reflection

Light reflects back into a medium when incidence exceeds the critical angle.

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Critical Angle

The incidence angle that produces a 90° angle of refraction.

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Snell's Window

The apparent circular area of light seen from underwater due to refraction.

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Refractive Index

A measure of how much light bends when entering a medium.

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Calculation of Radius

The radius of Snell's window can be calculated using depth and refractive index.

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Disc of Light

The visible circle from underwater where light exits the surface.

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Depth of 15m

The distance below the water surface where observation is made.

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Refraction of Light

The bending of light as it moves from one medium to another.

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Snell's Law

The principle that relates the angles of incidence and refraction between two media.

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Refractive Index (n)

The ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to sine of angle of refraction.

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Angle of Refraction (r)

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal line after refraction.

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Incident Ray and Normal Plane

The relationship between incident ray, normal, and refracted ray in the same plane.

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Concave Mirror Image Properties

Image properties depend on the object's position relative to the focal point and center of curvature.

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Image Properties: Beyond C

The image is real, inverted, and diminished when the object is beyond the center of curvature (C).

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Image Properties: Between C and F

The image is real, inverted, and magnified when the object is between center of curvature (C) and focal point (F).

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Image at F

When the object is at the focal point (F), no image is formed.

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Convex Mirror Image Properties

In convex mirrors, the image is always virtual, upright, and diminished for any object position.

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Apparent Velocity (v_app)

The speed of light in a medium, calculated as v_app = v_medium_1 / n.

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Use of Lenses

Lenses are used to magnify images in devices like cameras and telescopes.

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Focal Length

The distance between the lens and the focal point; calculated using 1/f = 1/u + 1/v.

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Power of a Lens

The power is the inverse of the focal length, measured in diopters with the formula P = 1/f.

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Combined Power of Lenses

The power of multiple lenses together is the sum of their individual powers: P = P1 + P2.

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Focal Length of Component Lenses

The focal length of combined lenses is calculated as F = (F1 * F2) / (F1 + F2).

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Ciliary Muscles Relax

Relaxing these muscles makes the lens thin for distant vision.

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Ciliary Muscles Contract

Contracting these muscles bulges the lens for near vision.

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Long-sightedness (Hyperopia)

Condition where nearby objects appear blurry as light focuses before the retina.

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Short-sightedness (Myopia)

Condition where distant objects appear blurry as light focuses in front of the retina.

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Retina Focus

The retina is where light needs to focus for clear vision.

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