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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a non-executable stack?
What is the primary purpose of a non-executable stack?
- To allow shellcode execution from the stack
- To prevent shellcode from being run from the stack (correct)
- To enable the execution of all software
- To improve overall system performance
How does Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) decrease an attacker's chance of success?
How does Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) decrease an attacker's chance of success?
- By randomly arranging parts of the process address space (correct)
- By making memory locations predictable
- By eliminating the need for process address space
- By preventing any memory access by attackers
Which of the following statements about ASLR is true?
Which of the following statements about ASLR is true?
- ASLR can make memory usage predictable.
- ASLR is less effective on systems without libraries.
- ASLR has been implemented in Unix-based systems to defend against argv[]. (correct)
- ASLR does not affect the stack layout in any operating system.
What significant effect does a non-executable stack have on existing software?
What significant effect does a non-executable stack have on existing software?
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What type of attack does ASLR specifically aim to defend against?
What type of attack does ASLR specifically aim to defend against?
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Study Notes
Non-executable Stack
- Prevents execution of shellcode by marking the stack as non-executable.
- Software that requires an executable stack may become incompatible or cease to function properly.
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
- Reduces predictability of memory usage, hindering attackers who rely on known memory locations.
- Enhances security by randomly rearranging important elements of the process address space:
- Base of the executable
- Heap memory
- Stack memory
- Libraries used by the program
- Implemented in BSD (Unix) to protect against vulnerabilities associated with argv[].
- Used in Windows to defend against return-to-libc attacks, improving system resilience.
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