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Computer Security Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a non-executable stack?

To allow shellcode execution from the stack

To prevent shellcode from being run from the stack (correct)

To enable the execution of all software

To improve overall system performance

How does Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) decrease an attacker's chance of success?

By randomly arranging parts of the process address space (correct)

By making memory locations predictable

By eliminating the need for process address space

By preventing any memory access by attackers

Which of the following statements about ASLR is true?

ASLR can make memory usage predictable.

ASLR is less effective on systems without libraries.

ASLR has been implemented in Unix-based systems to defend against argv[]. (correct)

ASLR does not affect the stack layout in any operating system.

What significant effect does a non-executable stack have on existing software?

<p>Software requiring an executable stack will not work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack does ASLR specifically aim to defend against?

<p>Return-to-libc attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Non-executable Stack

Prevents execution of shellcode by marking the stack as non-executable.
Software that requires an executable stack may become incompatible or cease to function properly.

Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)

Reduces predictability of memory usage, hindering attackers who rely on known memory locations.
Enhances security by randomly rearranging important elements of the process address space:
- Base of the executable
- Heap memory
- Stack memory
- Libraries used by the program
Implemented in BSD (Unix) to protect against vulnerabilities associated with argv[].
Used in Windows to defend against return-to-libc attacks, improving system resilience.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in computer security, including techniques like Non-executable Stack and Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR). Understand how these measures protect against common vulnerabilities and the implications for existing software. Test your knowledge on their roles and effectiveness in enhancing system security.