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Questions and Answers
What is the primary objective of an amplification attack?
What is the primary objective of an amplification attack?
Which port is typically associated with the echo service used in reflector attacks?
Which port is typically associated with the echo service used in reflector attacks?
What can help prevent most reflector attacks?
What can help prevent most reflector attacks?
In a DNS Reflection Attack, which aspect of the attack is exploited?
In a DNS Reflection Attack, which aspect of the attack is exploited?
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What is a potential consequence of incorrectly configured DNS servers in the context of reflection attacks?
What is a potential consequence of incorrectly configured DNS servers in the context of reflection attacks?
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What is the primary goal of a denial-of-service (DoS) attack?
What is the primary goal of a denial-of-service (DoS) attack?
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Which of the following is a common target of a denial-of-service attack?
Which of the following is a common target of a denial-of-service attack?
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What distinguishes a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack from a standard DoS attack?
What distinguishes a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack from a standard DoS attack?
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In the context of DoS attacks, what is a flooding attack?
In the context of DoS attacks, what is a flooding attack?
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What is one approach for defending against denial-of-service attacks?
What is one approach for defending against denial-of-service attacks?
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Which of the following best describes an application-based bandwidth attack?
Which of the following best describes an application-based bandwidth attack?
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What is a key characteristic of reflector and amplifier attacks in the context of DoS?
What is a key characteristic of reflector and amplifier attacks in the context of DoS?
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What is the primary consequence of DDoS attacks on a server?
What is the primary consequence of DDoS attacks on a server?
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What role do 'zombies' play in DDoS attacks?
What role do 'zombies' play in DDoS attacks?
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Which method is commonly used to create large-scale DDoS attacks?
Which method is commonly used to create large-scale DDoS attacks?
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What is a suggested countermeasure against becoming part of a DDoS attack?
What is a suggested countermeasure against becoming part of a DDoS attack?
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What type of flooding attack is characterized by overwhelming a target with UDP packets?
What type of flooding attack is characterized by overwhelming a target with UDP packets?
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What is the term used for a network of compromised systems controlled by an attacker?
What is the term used for a network of compromised systems controlled by an attacker?
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Which of the following is a resource-consuming attack technique applicable to denial-of-service?
Which of the following is a resource-consuming attack technique applicable to denial-of-service?
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Which aspect is crucial for defending against unwanted DDoS participation?
Which aspect is crucial for defending against unwanted DDoS participation?
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Which attack mentioned relies on sending a high volume of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets?
Which attack mentioned relies on sending a high volume of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets?
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What is the function of malware in a DDoS attack?
What is the function of malware in a DDoS attack?
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What is the primary goal of a cyberslam attack?
What is the primary goal of a cyberslam attack?
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Which attack specifically targets a network server's ability to manage TCP connection requests?
Which attack specifically targets a network server's ability to manage TCP connection requests?
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What adverse effect does flooding attacks typically have on network resources?
What adverse effect does flooding attacks typically have on network resources?
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How does the server become incapacitated during a flooding attack?
How does the server become incapacitated during a flooding attack?
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What happens to valid traffic during a flooding attack?
What happens to valid traffic during a flooding attack?
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Flooding attacks vary based on which aspect?
Flooding attacks vary based on which aspect?
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Which type of attack aims to exhaust the resources of the server's network handling code?
Which type of attack aims to exhaust the resources of the server's network handling code?
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What is a characteristic feature of SYN Flooding attacks?
What is a characteristic feature of SYN Flooding attacks?
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What must happen for a server affected by a crash due to an attack to resume operations?
What must happen for a server affected by a crash due to an attack to resume operations?
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What is the primary goal of a Slowloris attack?
What is the primary goal of a Slowloris attack?
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How does a Slowloris attack consume server resources?
How does a Slowloris attack consume server resources?
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What is the effect of the recursive HTTP flood variant of the Slowloris attack?
What is the effect of the recursive HTTP flood variant of the Slowloris attack?
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What role do reflectors play in reflector and amplifier attacks?
What role do reflectors play in reflector and amplifier attacks?
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What is the main operational difference between DDoS attacks and reflector attacks?
What is the main operational difference between DDoS attacks and reflector attacks?
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What advantage does an attacker gain from using a service that creates larger response packets in a reflector attack?
What advantage does an attacker gain from using a service that creates larger response packets in a reflector attack?
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What is the key characteristic of the packets sent by an attacker in a reflector attack?
What is the key characteristic of the packets sent by an attacker in a reflector attack?
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In the context of HTTP requests, what does the term 'spidering' refer to?
In the context of HTTP requests, what does the term 'spidering' refer to?
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What is a notable consequence of a successful Slowloris attack on a web server?
What is a notable consequence of a successful Slowloris attack on a web server?
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Study Notes
Computer Security CS433, Chapter 7 - Denial-of-Service Attacks (Parts 1 & 2)
- Definition of Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: A DoS attack aims to prevent or impair authorized network, system, or application use by depleting resources like CPU, memory, bandwidth, and disk space. Network services are typically targeted over network connections.
Attack Targets
- Network Bandwidth: Malicious traffic overwhelms legitimate traffic, denying access.
- System Resources: Attacks overload network handling software (e.g., SYN spoofing, poison packets).
- Application Resources: Exploits resource-intensive application operations (e.g., database queries, server bugs).
Attack Types
- Source Address Spoofing: Attackers use forged source addresses to mask their identity and flood the target with packets.
Flooding Attacks
- Nature: Overload network links or server response capacity with malicious traffic. Malicious packets cause routers to discard valid traffic.
- Examples: ICMP flood, UDP flood, TCP SYN flood.
Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
- Concept: Use multiple compromised systems (zombies) in a botnet to generate a larger attack volume.
- Mechanism: Attacker controls a network of compromised systems (zombies) for coordinated flooding attacks.
DDoS Attack Architecture
- Typically involves an attacker, handlers, and zombie systems targeting a victim.
Application-Based Bandwidth Attacks
- Concept: Exploit disproportionate resource consumption of application operations.
- Examples: SIP flood (Session Initiation Protocol flooding) and HTTP-based attacks (e.g., HTTP flood, Slowloris).
SIP Flood Attack
- Nature: Exploits resource-intensive SIP INVITE messages. Spoofed IP addresses or a botnet can flood SIP proxies with requests.
HTTP-Based Attacks
- HTTP Flood: A DDoS attack overwhelming a web server by flooding it with HTTP requests.
- Slowloris: Attempts to monopolize all available request-handling threads on a web server by sending HTTP requests that never complete.
Reflector and Amplifier Attacks
- Concept: Use intermediary systems (reflectors) to increase attack traffic volume against the target.
- DNS Reflection: Attackers send spoofed DNS requests to a DNS server, leveraging the server's response to flood the target.
- Amplification attacks: Exploits responses from legitimate servers to create a larger packet stream against the target.
Defenses Against DoS Attacks
- Prevention and Preemption: Implement policies for resource consumption, use backup resources.
- Traceback and Identification: Identify the source of attack to prevent future attacks (though slow).
- Detection and Filtering: Detect suspicious patterns during attacks, filtering likely attack packets.
- Reaction: Reduce effects after the attack occurs.
DDoS Countermeasures
- System Compromise Prevention: Maintain strong system security and keep software updated.
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 7 of Computer Security CS433, focusing on Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Explore the definitions, types, and targets of DoS attacks, including their impact on network bandwidth, system, and application resources. Test your understanding of these critical security threats.
