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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of application software?
What is the primary purpose of application software?
Which of the following is an example of system software?
Which of the following is an example of system software?
How do programming languages differ from natural languages?
How do programming languages differ from natural languages?
Which of the following programming languages is considered high-level?
Which of the following programming languages is considered high-level?
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What role do utility programs play in computer software?
What role do utility programs play in computer software?
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What is primarily responsible for storing, retrieving, and processing data in a computer?
What is primarily responsible for storing, retrieving, and processing data in a computer?
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Which of the following individuals is known as the father of the computer?
Which of the following individuals is known as the father of the computer?
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What is the role of programming languages in relation to computers?
What is the role of programming languages in relation to computers?
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What is the primary function of the Analytical Engine in computer history?
What is the primary function of the Analytical Engine in computer history?
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Which component of a computer system is responsible for executing tasks?
Which component of a computer system is responsible for executing tasks?
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What key feature allows a computer to handle repetitive tasks efficiently?
What key feature allows a computer to handle repetitive tasks efficiently?
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Who is credited as the first programmer for writing demonstration programs for the Analytical Engine?
Who is credited as the first programmer for writing demonstration programs for the Analytical Engine?
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What is meant by data processing in the context of computer operations?
What is meant by data processing in the context of computer operations?
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Study Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer & Programming
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Topics of discussion:
- History of computer
- Use of computer to solve computational problems
- Programming languages
- Computer software
The use of computer
- Handle repetitive tasks
- Produce exact answers
- Easy to make changes/corrections
Fundamentals of Computer
- Computer: An electronic device to store, retrieve, and process data.
- Data: Unprocessed facts, figures, and statistics.
- Process: Converting raw data into useful information; requires finite, ordered sets of instructions.
Data Processing
- Input (data): Keyboard, scanner, trackball, mouse, microphone, digitizer, camera.
- Processing: The central processing unit (CPU).
- Output (information): CRT, LCD, monitor, printer, plotter, speaker.
Component of computer system
- Hardware: Physical components (e.g., mouse, keyboard, monitor).
- Software: Instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
- Computer System: The combination of both hardware and software.
History of Computer
- Charles Babbage is the father of the computer.
- He introduced the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine.
- Ada Lovelace wrote demonstration programs for the Analytical Engine, considered the first programmer.
- The first modern computer was built by Atanasoft of Iowa State College in the late 1930s.
- An electromechanical computer MARK1 was built by Howard Aiken of Harvard.
Computer Software
- A computer program, or a program, is a series of instructions that tell the computer's hardware what to do.
- Before a program can be executed by the computer, its instructions must be loaded into the computer's memory.
Computer Software: Categories
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Computer Software:
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System Software: Provides an environment for program development and operation. Includes:
- Operating System (e.g., Windows, UNIX, LINUX)
- Utility programs
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Application Software: Developed for specific problems. Includes:
- Editors
- Spreadsheets (e.g., Excel)
- Database applications (e.g., MS Access)
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System Software: Provides an environment for program development and operation. Includes:
Programming Languages
- A computer program is a sequence of steps needed to perform a task.
- Programming languages are used to construct computer programs.
- Programming languages enable humans to instruct machines.
- Examples of programming languages: BASIC, COBOL, Fortran, Pascal, C, C++, Java.
Top 10 Programming Languages of the Future
- JavaScript: Essential for web development.
- HTML/CSS: Fundamentals for web development.
- Python: Crucial for database management and data science.
- SQL: Important for managing databases.
- Typescript: Building on JavaScript functionalities.
- Swift: Dominating iOS development.
- Rust: Emerging as a robust and performance-oriented language.
- PHP: Industry leader in server-side scripting.
- C/C++: High value in various high-performance computing and system-level programming contexts.
Major Companies that Use Java
- Java is used in many major companies like LinkedIn, Netflix, Google, Amazon, eBay, etc.
Which Programming Language to Learn
- The choice of programming language depends on the career goal (e.g., front-end web development, back-end web development, mobile development, etc).
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Description
This quiz covers the introductory concepts of computers and programming, including the history of computers, various programming languages, and the distinction between hardware and software. Test your knowledge on data processing, input/output devices, and the fundamentals of computer systems.
