Programming Basics Quiz

Low-level languages are closer to the machine's instructions, requiring detailed programming and often being specific to a particular processor. High-level languages are more human-readable and abstract, providing a more convenient way to develop software.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  char str[100];

  printf("Enter a string: ");
  gets(str);

  printf("You entered: %s\n", str);

  return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

struct Address {
  char building_name[50];
  int flat_number;
  char city[50];
};

struct Manager {
  int id;
  char name[50];
  char department[50];
  float salary;
  struct Address address;
};

int main() {
  struct Manager manager;

  // Input manager details
  printf("Enter Manager ID: ");
  scanf("%d", &manager.id);
  printf("Enter Manager Name: ");
  scanf("%s", manager.name);
  printf("Enter Manager Department: ");
  scanf("%s", manager.department);
  printf("Enter Manager Salary: ");
  scanf("%f", &manager.salary);
  printf("Enter Building Name: ");
  scanf("%s", manager.address.building_name);
  printf("Enter Flat Number: ");
  scanf("%d", &manager.address.flat_number);
  printf("Enter City: ");
  scanf("%s", manager.address.city);

  // Display manager details
  printf("\nManager Details:\n");
  printf("ID: %d\n", manager.id);
  printf("Name: %s\n", manager.name);
  printf("Department: %s\n", manager.department);
  printf("Salary: %.2f\n", manager.salary);
  printf("Address:\n");
  printf("Building Name: %s\n", manager.address.building_name);
  printf("Flat Number: %d\n", manager.address.flat_number);
  printf("City: %s\n", manager.address.city);

  return 0;
}

<p><strong>Algorithm:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Start</li> <li>Get the length and width of the rectangle.</li> <li>Calculate the perimeter: Perimeter = 2 * (length + width)</li> <li>Calculate the area: Area = length * width</li> <li>Display the perimeter and area.</li> <li>Stop</li> </ol> <p><strong>Flowchart:</strong> [A flowchart depicting the steps mentioned in the algorithm can be drawn here.]</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; #include &lt;string.h&gt; int main() { char str[100]; int i, j, isPalindrome = 1; printf(&quot;Enter a string: &quot;); gets(str); i = 0; j = strlen(str) - 1; while (i &lt; j) { if (str[i] != str[j]) { isPalindrome = 0; break; } i++; j--; } if (isPalindrome) { printf(&quot;%s is a palindrome.\n&quot;, str); } else { printf(&quot;%s is not a palindrome.\n&quot;, str); } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<p><strong>Call by Value:</strong> In call by value, a copy of the argument is passed to the function. Any modifications made to the argument inside the function do not affect the original variable.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-c">void swap(int a, int b) { int temp = a; a = b; b = temp; } int main() { int x = 10, y = 20; swap(x, y); printf(&quot;x: %d, y: %d\n&quot;, x, y); // Output: x: 10, y: 20 return 0; } </code></pre> <p><strong>Call by Reference:</strong> In call by reference, the address of the argument is passed to the function. Any modifications made to the argument inside the function directly affect the original variable.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-c">void swap(int *a, int *b) { int temp = *a; *a = *b; *b = temp; } int main() { int x = 10, y = 20; swap(&amp;x, &amp;y); printf(&quot;x: %d, y: %d\n&quot;, x, y); // Output: x: 20, y: 10 return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int main() { int arr[100], n, i, sum = 0; float average; printf(&quot;Enter the number of elements: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;n); printf(&quot;Enter %d elements: &quot;, n); for (i = 0; i &lt; n; i++) { scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;arr[i]); sum += arr[i]; } average = (float)sum / n; printf(&quot;Sum of the array elements: %d\n&quot;, sum); printf(&quot;Average of the array elements: %.2f\n&quot;, average); return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input/output functions are essential for interacting with the user and external devices in C. Key functions include:</p> <ul> <li> <strong><code>scanf()</code>:</strong> Reads data from the standard input stream (usually the keyboard) and stores it in the specified variables.</li> <li> <strong><code>printf()</code>:</strong> Prints formatted output to the standard output stream (usually the console).</li> <li> <strong><code>gets()</code>:</strong> Reads a string of characters from the standard input stream, stopping at a newline character.</li> <li> <strong><code>puts()</code>:</strong> Prints a string of characters to the standard output stream, followed by a newline character.</li> <li> <strong><code>getchar()</code>:</strong> Reads a single character from the standard input stream.</li> <li> <strong><code>putchar()</code>:</strong> Prints a single character to the standard output stream.</li> </ul> <p>These functions provide the means to take data from the user, display results, and interact with the user in various ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An <strong>algorithm</strong> is a step-by-step sequence of instructions designed to solve a specific problem. It is a logical and structured process that outlines how to perform a task. A <strong>flowchart</strong>, on the other hand, is a visual representation of an algorithm. It uses symbols and arrows to depict the flow of control and the sequence of operations in the algorithm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In C, a function is a block of code that performs a specific task. Functions are crucial for organizing code, reusing code, and breaking down a complex program into smaller, manageable components. Here's a program to determine if a number is prime using a function:</p> <pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int isPrime(int num) { if (num &lt;= 1) { return 0; // 0 and 1 are not prime } for (int i = 2; i * i &lt;= num; i++) { if (num % i == 0) { return 0; // Not a prime number } } return 1; // Prime number } int main() { int num; printf(&quot;Enter a number: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;num); if (isPrime(num)) { printf(&quot;%d is a prime number.\n&quot;, num); } else { printf(&quot;%d is not a prime number.\n&quot;, num); } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int main() { int num1, num2, choice; float result; printf(&quot;Enter two numbers: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d %d&quot;, &amp;num1, &amp;num2); printf(&quot;Select operation:\n&quot;); printf(&quot;1. Add\n&quot;); printf(&quot;2. Subtract\n&quot;); printf(&quot;3. Multiply\n&quot;); printf(&quot;4. Divide\n&quot;); printf(&quot;Enter your choice: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;choice); switch (choice) { case 1: result = num1 + num2; printf(&quot;%d + %d = %.2f\n&quot;, num1, num2, result); break; case 2: result = num1 - num2; printf(&quot;%d - %d = %.2f\n&quot;, num1, num2, result); break; case 3: result = num1 * num2; printf(&quot;%d * %d = %.2f\n&quot;, num1, num2, result); break; case 4: if (num2 == 0) { printf(&quot;Division by zero is not allowed.\n&quot;); } else { result = (float)num1 / num2; printf(&quot;%d / %d = %.2f\n&quot;, num1, num2, result); } break; default: printf(&quot;Invalid choice.\n&quot;); } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int main() { int num1, num2, num3, smallest; printf(&quot;Enter three numbers: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d %d %d&quot;, &amp;num1, &amp;num2, &amp;num3); smallest = num1; if (num2 &lt; smallest) { smallest = num2; } if (num3 &lt; smallest) { smallest = num3; } printf(&quot;Smallest number: %d\n&quot;, smallest); return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int main() { int mat1[10][10], mat2[10][10], result[10][10]; int rows1, cols1, rows2, cols2, i, j, k; printf(&quot;Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix 1: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d %d&quot;, &amp;rows1, &amp;cols1); printf(&quot;Enter the elements of matrix 1:\n&quot;); for (i = 0; i &lt; rows1; i++) { for (j = 0; j &lt; cols1; j++) { scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;mat1[i][j]); } } printf(&quot;Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix 2: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d %d&quot;, &amp;rows2, &amp;cols2); if (cols1 != rows2) { printf(&quot;Matrix multiplication not possible. Incompatible dimensions.\n&quot;); return 1; } printf(&quot;Enter the elements of matrix 2:\n&quot;); for (i = 0; i &lt; rows2; i++) { for (j = 0; j &lt; cols2; j++) { scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;mat2[i][j]); } } // Matrix multiplication for (i = 0; i &lt; rows1; i++) { for (j = 0; j &lt; cols2; j++) { result[i][j] = 0; for (k = 0; k &lt; cols1; k++) { result[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j]; } } } printf(&quot;Resultant matrix:\n&quot;); for (i = 0; i &lt; rows1; i++) { for (j = 0; j &lt; cols2; j++) { printf(&quot;%d &quot;, result[i][j]); } printf(&quot;\n&quot;); } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

<pre><code class="language-c">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt; int main() { int year; printf(&quot;Enter a year: &quot;); scanf(&quot;%d&quot;, &amp;year); if ((year % 4 == 0 &amp;&amp; year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0) { printf(&quot;%d is a leap year.\n&quot;, year); } else { printf(&quot;%d is not a leap year.\n&quot;, year); } return 0; } </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers