Computer Programming - I: Introduction to C
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Questions and Answers

Who developed the C programming language?

  • James Gosling
  • Dennis Ritchie (correct)
  • Bjarne Stroustrup
  • Guido van Rossum
  • C language provides built-in support for object-oriented programming.

    False

    What is one major disadvantage of using C programming language?

    Steep learning curve

    C language is often referred to as the __________ of all modern programming languages.

    <p>mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following applications is NOT commonly associated with C language?

    <p>Web Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to C language with their descriptions:

    <p>Header Files = Contain declarations for standard library functions Preprocessor Directives = Instructions for the compiler before actual compilation Data Types = Define the type of data a variable can hold Variable Declarations = Used to create variables with specified types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    C programs are not prone to security vulnerabilities if written correctly.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of using C over other programming languages.

    <p>Faster execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the semicolon (;) indicate in a C program?

    <p>It ends a statement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main function can be defined with a return type of 'int' or 'void'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preprocessor directives in a C program?

    <p>To provide facilities like including libraries and defining constants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C, the ______ function is used to read formatted input from the user.

    <p>scanf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following printf conversions with their description:

    <p>%d = Decimal integer %f = Floating point number %s = String of characters %x = Hexadecimal integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in C?

    <p>string</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The printf() function can only print integers in C.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the use of braces {} in a C program?

    <p>They mark the beginning and end of a block of code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a derived data type typically do?

    <p>Adds functionalities to existing data types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The memory size of basic data types remains constant regardless of the operating system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a variable?

    <p>A variable is a name for a memory location used to store data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variables are also known as __________.

    <p>identifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following variables with their corresponding memory values after execution.

    <p>X = 10 = 10 Y = 15 = 15 X = Y + 3 = 18 Y = X / 6 = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a variable declaration, which of the following is true?

    <p>Variables can be reassigned new values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variables in memory are simply fixed values.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the variable 'X' after the execution of 'X = X + 1' if 'X' was initially 20?

    <p>21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Computer Programming - I
    • Course Code: 24CP101T
    • Instructor: Dr. Rajeev Kumar Gupta
    • Institution: Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

    C Language Introduction

    • C is a procedural programming language, initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Laboratories.
    • It was primarily designed for system programming, used to create the UNIX operating system.
    • C is considered the "mother" of modern programming languages; learning C aids in understanding other languages like Java, C++, C#, and Python.
    • C is faster than many other languages due to its low-level handling capabilities.
    • C code can be compiled on various computer platforms.

    Disadvantages of C

    • Steep learning curve: C's complex syntax and low-level access to system resources make it challenging for beginners.
    • Lack of automatic memory management: C leaves memory management to the programmer, which can lead to memory leaks and other bugs if not handled correctly.
    • Limited built-in object-oriented support: C lacks built-in support for object-oriented programming, which can be a hindrance when developing object-oriented applications.
    • Limited built-in support for concurrency: C doesn't readily provide mechanisms for creating and managing multiple threads, making multithreaded applications more complex.
    • Vulnerability to security issues: C programs can be prone to security flaws like buffer overflows if not developed with care.

    Applications of C

    • System development (operating systems)
    • Language compilers
    • Assemblers
    • Text editors
    • Network drivers
    • Modern programs
    • Databases
    • Language interpreters
    • Utilities
    • C code runs with comparable speed to assembly language.

    A First Program with Basic Syntax

    •  #include <stdio.h>: Header file for input/output functions.
    • void main(): The main function where the program execution begins (entry point).
    • printf("Hello World.\n");: Instruction to display "Hello World!" on the output window, followed by a new line.
    • Semicolon (;): Necessary to end each statement in C code.
    • Braces ({}): Enclose the statements that belong to the main function.

    C Program Structure

    • Preprocessor directives: Instructions for the compiler, often for including header files.
    • Global declarations: Variables declared outside any function.
    • Function definitions: Code blocks containing instructions related to a specific task.
    • Main function: The primary function where the program execution starts.
    • Local declarations: Variables declared within a function, only accessible within that function.
    • Statements: Instructions to perform tasks (e.g., calculations).

    Parts of a Program

    • #include <stdio.h> (Preprocessor Directive)
    • int x; (Global Declaration)
    • int main() { ... } (Function)
    • int y; (Local Declaration)
    • printf(), scanf(): (Statements)

    Common printf() Conversions

    • %d: Decimal integer
    • %u: Unsigned decimal integer
    • %s: String
    • %f: Floating-point number
    • %x, %X: Hexadecimal integer
    • %c: Character
    • %p: Pointer

    Variables

    • Variables are named memory locations used to store data.
    • Variable values can change during program execution.
    • All rules for defining identifiers in C also apply to creating variables.
    • Data type declaration: Determines the type and size of data that the variable can hold.
    • Example: int x = 100;
    • Various types of variables exist (local, global, static).

    Memory Map

    • Each variable in a C program is assigned a memory location.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of the C programming language, including its history, significance, and disadvantages. It is designed to help students grasp the essential concepts of C as a procedural programming language and its impact on modern programming.

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