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Questions and Answers
Who developed the C programming language?
Who developed the C programming language?
C language provides built-in support for object-oriented programming.
C language provides built-in support for object-oriented programming.
False
What is one major disadvantage of using C programming language?
What is one major disadvantage of using C programming language?
Steep learning curve
C language is often referred to as the __________ of all modern programming languages.
C language is often referred to as the __________ of all modern programming languages.
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Which of the following applications is NOT commonly associated with C language?
Which of the following applications is NOT commonly associated with C language?
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Match the following terms related to C language with their descriptions:
Match the following terms related to C language with their descriptions:
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C programs are not prone to security vulnerabilities if written correctly.
C programs are not prone to security vulnerabilities if written correctly.
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Name one advantage of using C over other programming languages.
Name one advantage of using C over other programming languages.
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What does the semicolon (;) indicate in a C program?
What does the semicolon (;) indicate in a C program?
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The main function can be defined with a return type of 'int' or 'void'.
The main function can be defined with a return type of 'int' or 'void'.
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What is the purpose of preprocessor directives in a C program?
What is the purpose of preprocessor directives in a C program?
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In C, the ______ function is used to read formatted input from the user.
In C, the ______ function is used to read formatted input from the user.
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Match the following printf conversions with their description:
Match the following printf conversions with their description:
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Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in C?
Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in C?
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The printf() function can only print integers in C.
The printf() function can only print integers in C.
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What is indicated by the use of braces {} in a C program?
What is indicated by the use of braces {} in a C program?
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What does a derived data type typically do?
What does a derived data type typically do?
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The memory size of basic data types remains constant regardless of the operating system.
The memory size of basic data types remains constant regardless of the operating system.
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What is a variable?
What is a variable?
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Variables are also known as __________.
Variables are also known as __________.
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Match the following variables with their corresponding memory values after execution.
Match the following variables with their corresponding memory values after execution.
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In a variable declaration, which of the following is true?
In a variable declaration, which of the following is true?
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Variables in memory are simply fixed values.
Variables in memory are simply fixed values.
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What happens to the variable 'X' after the execution of 'X = X + 1' if 'X' was initially 20?
What happens to the variable 'X' after the execution of 'X = X + 1' if 'X' was initially 20?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Computer Programming - I
- Course Code: 24CP101T
- Instructor: Dr. Rajeev Kumar Gupta
- Institution: Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
C Language Introduction
- C is a procedural programming language, initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Laboratories.
- It was primarily designed for system programming, used to create the UNIX operating system.
- C is considered the "mother" of modern programming languages; learning C aids in understanding other languages like Java, C++, C#, and Python.
- C is faster than many other languages due to its low-level handling capabilities.
- C code can be compiled on various computer platforms.
Disadvantages of C
- Steep learning curve: C's complex syntax and low-level access to system resources make it challenging for beginners.
- Lack of automatic memory management: C leaves memory management to the programmer, which can lead to memory leaks and other bugs if not handled correctly.
- Limited built-in object-oriented support: C lacks built-in support for object-oriented programming, which can be a hindrance when developing object-oriented applications.
- Limited built-in support for concurrency: C doesn't readily provide mechanisms for creating and managing multiple threads, making multithreaded applications more complex.
- Vulnerability to security issues: C programs can be prone to security flaws like buffer overflows if not developed with care.
Applications of C
- System development (operating systems)
- Language compilers
- Assemblers
- Text editors
- Network drivers
- Modern programs
- Databases
- Language interpreters
- Utilities
- C code runs with comparable speed to assembly language.
A First Program with Basic Syntax
-
#include <stdio.h>
: Header file for input/output functions. -
void main()
: The main function where the program execution begins (entry point). -
printf("Hello World.\n");
: Instruction to display "Hello World!" on the output window, followed by a new line. - Semicolon (;): Necessary to end each statement in C code.
- Braces (
{}
): Enclose the statements that belong to the main function.
C Program Structure
- Preprocessor directives: Instructions for the compiler, often for including header files.
- Global declarations: Variables declared outside any function.
- Function definitions: Code blocks containing instructions related to a specific task.
- Main function: The primary function where the program execution starts.
- Local declarations: Variables declared within a function, only accessible within that function.
- Statements: Instructions to perform tasks (e.g., calculations).
Parts of a Program
-
#include <stdio.h>
(Preprocessor Directive) -
int x;
(Global Declaration) -
int main() { ... }
(Function) -
int y;
(Local Declaration) -
printf()
,scanf()
: (Statements)
Common printf()
Conversions
-
%d
: Decimal integer -
%u
: Unsigned decimal integer -
%s
: String -
%f
: Floating-point number -
%x
,%X
: Hexadecimal integer -
%c
: Character -
%p
: Pointer
Variables
- Variables are named memory locations used to store data.
- Variable values can change during program execution.
- All rules for defining identifiers in C also apply to creating variables.
- Data type declaration: Determines the type and size of data that the variable can hold.
- Example: int x = 100;
- Various types of variables exist (local, global, static).
Memory Map
- Each variable in a C program is assigned a memory location.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of the C programming language, including its history, significance, and disadvantages. It is designed to help students grasp the essential concepts of C as a procedural programming language and its impact on modern programming.