Computer Programming - I: Introduction to C
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Questions and Answers

Who developed the C programming language?

  • James Gosling
  • Dennis Ritchie (correct)
  • Bjarne Stroustrup
  • Guido van Rossum

C language provides built-in support for object-oriented programming.

False (B)

What is one major disadvantage of using C programming language?

Steep learning curve

C language is often referred to as the __________ of all modern programming languages.

<p>mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following applications is NOT commonly associated with C language?

<p>Web Development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to C language with their descriptions:

<p>Header Files = Contain declarations for standard library functions Preprocessor Directives = Instructions for the compiler before actual compilation Data Types = Define the type of data a variable can hold Variable Declarations = Used to create variables with specified types</p> Signup and view all the answers

C programs are not prone to security vulnerabilities if written correctly.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one advantage of using C over other programming languages.

<p>Faster execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the semicolon (;) indicate in a C program?

<p>It ends a statement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main function can be defined with a return type of 'int' or 'void'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of preprocessor directives in a C program?

<p>To provide facilities like including libraries and defining constants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C, the ______ function is used to read formatted input from the user.

<p>scanf</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following printf conversions with their description:

<p>%d = Decimal integer %f = Floating point number %s = String of characters %x = Hexadecimal integer</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental data type in C?

<p>string (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The printf() function can only print integers in C.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the use of braces {} in a C program?

<p>They mark the beginning and end of a block of code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a derived data type typically do?

<p>Adds functionalities to existing data types (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The memory size of basic data types remains constant regardless of the operating system.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a variable?

<p>A variable is a name for a memory location used to store data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Variables are also known as __________.

<p>identifiers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their corresponding memory values after execution.

<p>X = 10 = 10 Y = 15 = 15 X = Y + 3 = 18 Y = X / 6 = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a variable declaration, which of the following is true?

<p>Variables can be reassigned new values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Variables in memory are simply fixed values.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the variable 'X' after the execution of 'X = X + 1' if 'X' was initially 20?

<p>21</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

printf function

The printf function in C is used to display output to the console (screen).

main function

The main function is the entry point of a C program.

Preprocessor directives

Instructions that the C preprocessor handles before the actual compilation.

Global declarations

Variables and constants declared outside any function, with a global scope accessible throughout the program.

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Data types

Keywords that specify the kind of data that a variable can store, and determine the memory allocated for it (e.g., int, double, char).

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%d format specifier

Used in printf to print integer values in decimal format.

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%s format specifier

Used in printf to print strings.

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Comments

Text within a program that's ignored by the compiler, used for documentation or explanation.

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C Language

A procedural programming language created by Dennis Ritchie in 1972. Initially designed for system programming, especially for the UNIX operating system.

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Why learn C?

C is a foundational language that helps you understand key programming concepts and serves as a springboard for learning other popular languages.

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C Language Disadvantages

C requires careful memory management, lacks built-in object-oriented features, and can be prone to security issues if not coded with precautions.

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C's Speed and Control

C's code runs as fast as assembly language due to its direct access to hardware and its ability to control memory.

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Applications of C

Operating systems, compilers, assemblers, text editors, network drivers, database systems, and modern software are often built upon C.

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C's 'Hello, World!'

The classic program used to introduce a new programming language. It instructs the computer to display 'Hello, World!' on the screen.

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Header Files

Files containing pre-written functions and definitions that are included in your code to use specific features.

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Basic C Syntax

The rules and structure of writing C code, including elements like preprocessor directives, function definitions, variables, and comments.

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Derived Data Type

A data type that doesn't introduce a new type but adds functionality or modifies existing ones.

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Basic Data Type Size

The memory taken up by basic data types (e.g., int, char) can vary based on the operating system's architecture (32-bit or 64-bit).

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Variable: Memory Location

A variable is a named location in memory where data can be stored and changed during program execution.

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Variables: Changeable

Variables can have their values altered repeatedly during the program's execution.

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Variable: Identifier

A variable is essentially an identifier, a name that follows specific rules to be recognized in the program.

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Memory Map

A visual representation of how memory is allocated to variables and other program elements, showing their addresses.

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Variable's Memory Allocation

When a variable is assigned a value, a specific memory location is reserved for it, and the value is stored there.

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Variable Re-assignment

A variable can be assigned a new value, overwriting the previous one stored in its memory location.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course Title: Computer Programming - I
  • Course Code: 24CP101T
  • Instructor: Dr. Rajeev Kumar Gupta
  • Institution: Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

C Language Introduction

  • C is a procedural programming language, initially developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Laboratories.
  • It was primarily designed for system programming, used to create the UNIX operating system.
  • C is considered the "mother" of modern programming languages; learning C aids in understanding other languages like Java, C++, C#, and Python.
  • C is faster than many other languages due to its low-level handling capabilities.
  • C code can be compiled on various computer platforms.

Disadvantages of C

  • Steep learning curve: C's complex syntax and low-level access to system resources make it challenging for beginners.
  • Lack of automatic memory management: C leaves memory management to the programmer, which can lead to memory leaks and other bugs if not handled correctly.
  • Limited built-in object-oriented support: C lacks built-in support for object-oriented programming, which can be a hindrance when developing object-oriented applications.
  • Limited built-in support for concurrency: C doesn't readily provide mechanisms for creating and managing multiple threads, making multithreaded applications more complex.
  • Vulnerability to security issues: C programs can be prone to security flaws like buffer overflows if not developed with care.

Applications of C

  • System development (operating systems)
  • Language compilers
  • Assemblers
  • Text editors
  • Network drivers
  • Modern programs
  • Databases
  • Language interpreters
  • Utilities
  • C code runs with comparable speed to assembly language.

A First Program with Basic Syntax

  •  #include <stdio.h>: Header file for input/output functions.
  • void main(): The main function where the program execution begins (entry point).
  • printf("Hello World.\n");: Instruction to display "Hello World!" on the output window, followed by a new line.
  • Semicolon (;): Necessary to end each statement in C code.
  • Braces ({}): Enclose the statements that belong to the main function.

C Program Structure

  • Preprocessor directives: Instructions for the compiler, often for including header files.
  • Global declarations: Variables declared outside any function.
  • Function definitions: Code blocks containing instructions related to a specific task.
  • Main function: The primary function where the program execution starts.
  • Local declarations: Variables declared within a function, only accessible within that function.
  • Statements: Instructions to perform tasks (e.g., calculations).

Parts of a Program

  • #include <stdio.h> (Preprocessor Directive)
  • int x; (Global Declaration)
  • int main() { ... } (Function)
  • int y; (Local Declaration)
  • printf(), scanf(): (Statements)

Common printf() Conversions

  • %d: Decimal integer
  • %u: Unsigned decimal integer
  • %s: String
  • %f: Floating-point number
  • %x, %X: Hexadecimal integer
  • %c: Character
  • %p: Pointer

Variables

  • Variables are named memory locations used to store data.
  • Variable values can change during program execution.
  • All rules for defining identifiers in C also apply to creating variables.
  • Data type declaration: Determines the type and size of data that the variable can hold.
  • Example: int x = 100;
  • Various types of variables exist (local, global, static).

Memory Map

  • Each variable in a C program is assigned a memory location.

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Computer Programming – I (24CP101T) Lecture Notes PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of the C programming language, including its history, significance, and disadvantages. It is designed to help students grasp the essential concepts of C as a procedural programming language and its impact on modern programming.

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