Computer Organization Lecture #1
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes computer architecture from organization?

  • Organization includes instruction sets and addressing techniques.
  • Organization refers to the compatibility of different programming languages.
  • Architecture focuses on the physical layout of components.
  • Architecture deals with attributes visible to the programmer. (correct)

    • Which area is NOT typically associated with computer organization?

  • Instruction set design (correct)
  • Memory technology
  • Control signals
  • Number of cores

    • In terms of backward code compatibility, what is a common feature among Intel x86 family members?

  • Different memory technologies used across versions.
  • Variation in input/output mechanisms.
  • Dissimilarities in data representation methods.
  • Compatibility in their architecture. (correct)

    • What does the term 'hardware multiply unit' refer to in computer organization?

    <p>A dedicated circuit for performing multiplication operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of computer systems does 'structure' refer to?

    <p>The way in which components relate to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of data processing from storage to I/O?

    <p>Printing a bank statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component serves as an intermediary in data movement?

    <p>Data Control Movement Mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of the Data Storage Facility?

    <p>It stores data for later use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the data processing from storage?

    <p>Data is updated or modified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows for the control of data movement?

    <p>Control Movement Mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of all computers?

    <p>Data encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is responsible for interpreting data and executing instructions?

    <p>Control Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lines connect different components within a computer system?

    <p>Communication lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the computer is primarily responsible for data movement?

    <p>Control Mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) within the CPU?

    <p>Data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function specifically involves temporary holding of data for future use?

    <p>Data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for sequencing and control within the CPU?

    <p>Control Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data movement from a keyboard to a screen is an example of which process?

    <p>Data transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Organization Lecture #1

    • Course: 2nd Year Artificial Intelligence
    • Instructor: Dr. Khaled Saada
    • Textbook: "Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance", William Stallings, 9th Edition, 2013, www.williamstallings.com/ComputerOrganization

    Course Overview

    • Chapters:
      • Introduction (Ch. 1)
      • Computer Evolution and Performance (Ch. 2)
      • A Top-Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection (Ch. 3)
      • Cache Memory (Ch. 4)
      • Internal Memory (Ch. 5)
      • Input/Output (Ch. 7)

    Course Schedule and Grading

    • Lectures: 2 hours/week
    • Tutorials/Labs: 2 hours/week
    • Grading:
      • Quizzes (5th & 10th): 10%
      • Lab Quizzes (average of 6th, 7th, and 12th week): 5%
      • Midterm Exams (7th and 12th weeks): 35%
      • Final Project (14th week): 10%
      • Final Exam: 40%

    Architecture vs. Organization

    • Architecture: Programmer-visible attributes.
      • Instruction set
      • Data representation
      • I/O mechanisms
      • Addressing techniques
      • Example: Is there a "multiply" instruction?
    • Organization: Implementation details.
      • Control signals
      • Interfaces
      • Memory technology
      • Number of cores
      • Example: Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?
    • Key Difference: Same architecture, different organizations (e.g., Core i3/i5/i7, Xeon, Atom).

    Hardware Structure and Function

    • Structure: The way components relate to each other,
    • Function: The actual operation of individual components as part of the structure.

    Computer Structure - Top Level

    • Computer: Central component
    • Peripherals: External devices
    • Communication lines: Connects peripherals to the computer
    • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
    • Main Memory
    • System interconnection
    • Input/Output

    CPU Structure

    • CPU: Central processing unit.
    • Registers: Temporary storage.
    • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs operations.
    • Control Unit: Coordinates operations.
    • Internal CPU Interconnection: Connects components.

    Control Unit Structure

    • Control Unit: Manages CPU's internal operations.
      • Sequencing Logic: Sequences the operations.
      • Registers and Decoders: Store operands and decode instructions.
      • Control Memory: Stores instructions for execution

    Computer Functions

    • Basic Functions of all computers:
    • Data Storage: Storing program instructions and data.
    • Data Processing: Executing instructions, data manipulation.
    • Data Movement: Transporting data.
    • Control: Governing and coordinating these operations.

    Functional View of a Computer

    • Data Movement Apparatus: Moves data between units.
    • Control Mechanism: Coordinates actions of the other components.
    • Data Storage Facility: Holds programs and data.
    • Data Processing Facility: Executes programmed operations to process data.

    Data Movement Examples

    • Keyboard to Screen: Input (keyboard) > Data Movement > Output (screen).
    • Internet Download to Disk: Input (Internet)> Data Movement > Storage (disk).
    • Updating a Bank Statement: Data Storage >Data Processing facility > Data Storage.
    • Printing a Bank Statement: Data Storage > Data Processing to I/O.

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    Computer Organization Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of computer organization in this first lecture of the 2nd Year Artificial Intelligence course. Covering essential chapters from the textbook 'Computer Organization and Architecture: Designing for Performance', you'll gain insight into computer evolution, performance, and architectural principles. Join Dr. Khaled Saada as you embark on this learning journey.

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