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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a context switch in a CPU?
What is the purpose of a context switch in a CPU?
Changing the contents of the central processor's registers with the context information of the new process to be executed.
Which of the following is not a condition for the arrival of an interruption?
Which of the following is not a condition for the arrival of an interruption?
Simultaneous interruption requests are always processed in a fixed priority order.
Simultaneous interruption requests are always processed in a fixed priority order.
False
During an interruption, the central processor suspends the execution of the current program and triggers the execution of a predefined program specific to the event called an ____________ routine.
During an interruption, the central processor suspends the execution of the current program and triggers the execution of a predefined program specific to the event called an ____________ routine.
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What are the three components of a Von Neumann machine?
What are the three components of a Von Neumann machine?
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Which registers are included in the central processor unit (CPU)?
Which registers are included in the central processor unit (CPU)?
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The Program Counter (PC), also known as Instruction Pointer (IP), contains the address of the ______ instruction to be executed.
The Program Counter (PC), also known as Instruction Pointer (IP), contains the address of the ______ instruction to be executed.
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A process consists of executable code of the running program and a context.
A process consists of executable code of the running program and a context.
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Match the parts of a process's memory image:
Match the parts of a process's memory image:
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Study Notes
Von Neumann Machine
- A Von Neumann machine is an electronic computer based on memory, comprising Central Memory (CM), Processor or Central Processing Unit (CPU), and Peripheral Input/Output Units (I/O).
- The processor executes instructions or actions of a program, making it the brain of the computer.
Central Processor Registers
- Registers are a type of internal memory within the CPU, allowing for fast access and temporary storage of results or control information.
- The central processor has 5 physical registers: Program Counter (PC), Instruction Register (IR), General Registers (ALU), Stack Pointer (SP), and Program Status Word (PSW).
Processor Execution Cycle
- A program is composed of a sequence of instructions, and its execution progresses the state of the machine from one state to another.
- The execution cycle consists of: instruction fetch phase, execution phase, and observable point.
Processor Status
- The processor status is described by the content of its status register or status word (PSW).
- The PSW contains information on the address of the next instruction to execute, current values of condition codes, mode of execution, and interrupt masks.
Program Flow in a System
- The transition of a program from its external form to its internal form occurs in several steps: text editing, compilation, linking, and loading.
- Each step involves the use of specific software tools, such as a text editor, compiler, linker, and loader.
Concepts of Process and Multiprogramming
- A process is a program currently running, with its own characteristics, resources, and state.
- A process consists of executable code, context, and memory image (code, data, stack, and heap).
- Process Control Block (PCB) represents a process in the OS, containing information on process identity, state, context, CPU scheduling, memory management, I/O state, and accounting information.
Interrupt Systems
- An interruption is a response to an event that interrupts the execution of the current program at an observable point.
- Interrupt management mechanisms involve wired logic hardware and context switching.
- Conditions for the arrival of an interruption include: active interrupt system, observable point, enabled interrupt, and unmasked interrupt.
Types of Interruptions
- External or hardware interruptions: caused by components external to the central processor (e.g., time clocks, I/O devices).
- Internal or software interruptions: caused by the execution of the program within the PC (e.g., supervisor calls, traps, or exceptions).
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of computer organization, including the definition of a Von Neumann machine, central processor registers, processor execution cycle, and more.
