Computer Organization and Architecture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary disadvantage of one's complement representation?

It produces two different representations for zero. (correct)

It is more complex to implement than excess-M representation.

It cannot represent negative numbers.

It requires more bits than two's complement.

How is a negative number converted to two's complement representation?

By subtracting 1 from its absolute value.

By finding its one’s complement and then adding 1. (correct)

By adding 1 to its binary form.

By inverting the binary digits only.

What happens to carries emitted from the high-order bit in two's complement addition?

They are added to the final result.

They are discarded. (correct)

They indicate an error in addition.

They are used to calculate an overflow.

Which binary string represents the smallest value in excess-M representation?

All bits set to 0. Signup and view all the answers

In the example given, how is the binary representation of the number 3 first converted?

To unsigned binary first. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of converting the number 19 to one’s complement as mentioned?

11101100 Signup and view all the answers

What operation must be performed after finding the one’s complement of a negative number to obtain its two’s complement?

Add 1. Signup and view all the answers

Which representation solves the problem of having two representations for zero in signed integer systems?

Two's complement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implied component in the IEEE format for significands?

The digit 1 Signup and view all the answers

What value does an exponent of 255 represent in single precision IEEE-754?

Represents infinity if the significand is zero Signup and view all the answers

How many distinct representations of zero exist in floating-point standards?

Two representations with differing sign bits Signup and view all the answers

What is the bias value used for single precision in IEEE-754?

127 Signup and view all the answers

What does a nonzero significand combined with an exponent of 255 indicate?

The value is labeled as 'not a number' (NaN) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of IEEE-754 floating-point numbers makes testing for equality to zero problematic?

Negative zero does not equal positive zero Signup and view all the answers

What is the special exponent value for double precision numbers in IEEE-754?

2047 Signup and view all the answers

What must be done to properly express a number as a floating-point using IEEE format?

Normalize the number according to IEEE rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of computer organization in contrast to computer architecture?

Physical aspects like circuit design and memory types Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software?

Any task done by software can also be accomplished by hardware, given certain conditions. Signup and view all the answers

How does understanding computer organization and architecture benefit software design?

It aids in optimizing program behavior and performance evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of computer architecture involves the ways in which programmers interact with a computer system?

Instruction sets and addressing modes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates a tradeoff that must be considered in computer systems?

Balancing cost with system performance and speed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is primarily concerned with the logical perspective of system implementation?

Data types defined in programming languages Signup and view all the answers

What is the quotient when 1111101 is divided by 1101 in modulo 2 arithmetic?

1011 Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental concept differentiates computer organization from computer architecture regarding system design?

Organization relates to implementation while architecture concerns design principles. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can enhance a programmer's ability to design effective systems?

Knowledge of both architectural constructs and organizational design. Signup and view all the answers

What is the remainder when 1111101 is divided by 1101 in modulo 2 arithmetic?

0010 Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the information string 1111101 is transmitted using the polynomial 1101?

The information string is shifted left. Signup and view all the answers

During the division process, if 00101 is encountered, what decision is made regarding the quotient?

Place a zero in the quotient. Signup and view all the answers

Why is modulo 2 arithmetic particularly useful in the context of error detection and correction?

It enables efficient polynomial division. Signup and view all the answers

How is the final transmitted string 1111101111 derived from 1111101000 during the process?

By adding the calculated remainder from the division. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of performing modulo 2 subtraction during the division of binary strings?

To identify the quotient and remainder. Signup and view all the answers

If no bits are lost or corrupted during transmission, what can be concluded?

The correct message is received without errors. Signup and view all the answers

What key advantage does parallel computing offer over traditional computing methods?

It enables simultaneous operation on subparts of a problem. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes multicore processors?

Each core operates independently with its own ALU and registers. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a dual-core processor from a dual-processor machine?

A dual-core processor combines two cores on a single chip, while dual processors have separate chips. Signup and view all the answers

In what decade did IBM announce the Blue Gene system with over 1 million processors?

2000s Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is primarily concerned with increasing the throughput of applications?

Multithreading Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant feature of supercomputers developed in the 1980s?

They operated with 1,000 processors. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly relates to the necessity of new programming languages for multiprocessor systems?

Current languages are not designed for parallel processing tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of early parallel computing systems?

They relied heavily on sequential processing tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction

Computer organization encompasses the physical aspects of computer systems, such as circuit design, control signals, and memory types.
Computer architecture focuses on the logical aspects of system implementation, such as instruction sets, instruction formats, data types, and addressing modes.

Computer Systems

The distinction between computer organization and computer architecture is not always clear.
The Principle of Equivalence of Hardware and Software states that any task performed by software can also be performed by hardware, and vice versa, assuming speed is not a concern.

Parallel Computing

Parallel processing allows computers to work on subparts of a problem simultaneously.
Multicore processors have two or more processor cores on a single die, each with its own ALU and registers but sharing memory and other resources.
Multithreading allows applications to spread processes, called threads, across multiple processors for increased throughput.

Data Representation in Computer Systems

One's complement representation is a method for representing signed integers where a negative number is represented by inverting all the bits of its positive counterpart.
Two's complement representation is a method for representing signed integers where the negative representation is 1 plus the one's complement
Excess-M representation is a method for representing signed integers where the value is represented as a positive integer offset by a constant value, M.

Floating-Point Representation

The IEEE-754 floating-point standard is a widely used format for representing real numbers.
In this format, numbers are represented as a sign bit, an exponent, and a significand.
Exponent values of 255 in single precision and 2047 in double precision represent special values, such as infinity and NaN (not a number).

Error Detection and Correction

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a commonly used method for detecting errors in data transmission.
CRC utilizes modulo 2 division to calculate a checksum value that can be used to verify the integrity of data.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of computer organization and architecture. This quiz covers topics such as circuit design, instruction sets, and parallel computing. Challenge yourself with questions on multicore processors and the principle of equivalence.