Computer Organization and Architecture Quiz
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What is the main focus of computer organization?

  • Explaining the functions computer systems should perform
  • Describing how the hardware components are arranged (correct)
  • Establishing high-level design principles
  • Defining operational attributes of a computer system

    • Which of the following is a type of CPU organization?

  • Stack Organization (correct)
  • Parallel Processing
  • Distributed Architecture
  • Cloud Computing

    • Which statement accurately differentiates computer architecture from computer organization?

  • Computer architecture explains what a computer should do. (correct)
  • Computer architecture deals with physical components.
  • Computer architecture provides structural relationships.
  • Computer architecture focuses on the design of I/O systems.

    • What aspect of the computer system does computer organization NOT cover?

    <p>The functions of the operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with computer organization?

    <p>Providing the functional behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is computer organization organized in terms of design?

    <p>Low-level design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial role of computer organization in a computer system?

    <p>Achieving optimal processing speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship does computer organization provide between parts of a computer system?

    <p>Structural relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between computer architecture and computer organization?

    <p>Computer architecture explains what a computer should do, while computer organization explains how it works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of an operating system in a computer system?

    <p>To control and coordinate all activities within the computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the term 'data' in computing?

    <p>Symbols that represent facts, objects, or ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'word' in computer architecture?

    <p>A unit of data with a specified bit length that can be processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an assembler in computer programming?

    <p>It translates assembly language programs into machine-level language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'processing' refer to in a computing context?

    <p>The manipulation of data in various forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes primary memory from secondary memory?

    <p>Primary memory is volatile, while secondary memory is non-volatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the word length in a computer architecture?

    <p>To indicate the number of bits processed in one operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT part of the functional units of a computer?

    <p>Software unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about memory is correct?

    <p>Memory temporarily holds data awaiting processing, storage, or output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is commonly used to input data into a computer system from high-level language?

    <p>Keyboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a compiler in programming?

    <p>To translate high-level language code into machine-level language all at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as memory access time?

    <p>Time to access one word in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory allows contents to be read but not altered by the user?

    <p>Read Only Memory (ROM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the term 'output' in a computing context?

    <p>The processing results produced by the computer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the control unit in a computer system?

    <p>To coordinate all actions between the input, memory, and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software includes assemblers and compilers?

    <p>System software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are caches used in computer architectures?

    <p>To provide fast access to data for the processor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of storing data in the storage area of a computer?

    <p>To permanently retain data that is not immediately needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In relation to word storage, what does a unique address identify?

    <p>A specific word location in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of input devices in a computer system?

    <p>They accept coded information for processing by the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between word size and the data bus width?

    <p>Word size is typically equivalent to data bus width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of primary memory?

    <p>It operates exclusively at electronic speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding cache memory?

    <p>It is often located on the same IC chip as the processor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secondary memory?

    <p>Storing large amounts of data and programs accessed infrequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do registers play in the operation of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)?

    <p>They temporarily hold operands before operations are performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component acts as the nerve center in a computer by sending signals to other units?

    <p>Control Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the output unit in a computer system?

    <p>To send processed information to the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'Add LOCA, R0' accomplish in the ALU?

    <p>It adds a value from memory location LOCA to the value in register R0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the operation sequence performed by the processor?

    <p>Fetch, decode, execute, store</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the control unit impact the operation of different devices in a computer system?

    <p>By generating timing signals for data transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is typically used for storing information that is accessed infrequently?

    <p>Secondary memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the opcode in an instruction code?

    <p>It designates the overall purpose of the instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a memory-reference instruction determine its addressing mode?

    <p>By allocating 12 bits for the address and 1 bit for the mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruction does not require an operand from memory?

    <p>Register reference instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes how operands are encoded in instruction codes?

    <p>They minimize bit usage by encoding as unsigned binary numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of different instructions a computer architecture can support?

    <p>The number of bits used for the opcode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a register reference instruction, what does a '0' in the leftmost bit indicate?

    <p>It signifies a specific operation on the AC register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily the responsibility of the control unit in relation to instruction codes?

    <p>To decode the opcode and generate control signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What format does a basic computer's instruction encoding NOT include?

    <p>Conditional operation instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Organization and Architecture - Introduction

    • Computer architecture is a functional description of the design, implementation, and requirements of computer components.
    • Computer organization provides information about the linking of various operational attributes of a computer system.
    • Computer architecture outlines what a computer should do, while computer organization explains how a computer works.
    • The computer architecture design is determined before the computer organization.

    Computer Architecture

    • A blueprint for the design and implementation of a computer system.
    • Deals with the overall design, including hardware and software components and their interaction.
    • It describes the functional details and behavior of a computer system.
    • Includes the design of the instruction set, microarchitecture, memory hierarchy, and hardware/software components.

    Computer Organization

    • Refers to the way hardware components of a computer system are arranged and interconnected.
    • Implements the computer architecture.
    • Focuses on the "how" of the computer system, specifically how components connect and work together.
    • Details the system in an abstract manner.
    • Addresses the concepts programmers directly interact with.

    Basic Architecture of a Computer

    • A computer system includes input devices(keyboard, mouse, scanner, joystick), central processing unit(CPU)(control unit and arithmetic logic unit(ALU)), memory, and output devices(monitor, printer, speaker, headphones).
    • The CPU processes data and instructions coming from input devices.
    • The memory stores both data and instructions.
    • Output devices display the processed information.

    Basic Terminology

    • Input: Data that is put into the computer system.
    • Data: Symbols representing facts, objects, or ideas.
    • Information: The results of computer processing of data (bits, bytes, words, numbers, sounds, and graphics).
    • Output: Results produced by the computer.
    • Processing: Manipulation of data in various ways.
    • Memory: Area for temporarily holding data waiting to be processed or stored.
    • Storage: Area for data on a permanent basis.
    • Assembly language program (ALP): Programs using mnemonics.
    • Mnemonic: Instruction in English-like form.
    • Assembler: Software to convert ALP to machine language.
    • High-Level Language (HLL): Programs using English-like statements.
    • Compiler: Software to convert HLL to machine language at once.
    • Interpreter: Software to convert HLL to machine language statement by statement.
    • System software: Program routines aiding in program execution (e.g., assemblers, compilers).
    • Operating system: Collection of routines controlling and coordinating computer activities.
    • Word: Unit of data with a defined bit length (e.g., 8 bits = 1 byte).

    Functional Units

    • A computer has five functional units: input, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), output, and control unit.

    Types of Memory

    • Primary Memory: Stores programs and data for the processor (e.g., RAM, DRAM, SRAM, ROM, PROM, and various others).
    • Secondary Memory: Stores large amounts of data infrequently accessed(e.g., Magnetic disks, tapes, optical disks).

    Word Length

    • The number of bits in each word called word-length.

    Memory Reference Instruction

    • A memory-reference instruction uses 12 bits to specify an address and one bit to determine the addressing mode.

    Register Reference Instruction

    • Identified by the operation code 111 with 0 in the leftmost bit.
    • Determines operation or test on the AC register.

    Input-Output Instructions

    • Identified by the operation code 111 with 1 in the leftmost bit.
    • Determines the type of input-output operation.

    Identifying Instruction Type

    • The type of instruction is determined by the four bits in positions 12 through 15 of the instruction.

    Von Neumann Architecture

    • Programming is easier when a program is represented a way suitable for storing in memory and can be set or altered by setting values.
    • The computer gets instructions from memory..
    • This concept is known as the stored-program concept.

    CPU(Central Processing Unit):General Structure

    • Input - Output devices (I/O)
    • Program control unit for interpretation
    • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
    • Main memory which stores programs and data

    Bus Structures

    • A Communication system to transfer data between components of a computer or between computers.
    • A shared transmission medium. Multiple devices can use the same structure.

    Bus Structure Functional Groups

    • Data Lines: Data transfer between components.
    • Address Lines: Identify source or destination.
    • Control Lines: Used for control of access to data and address lines by placing commands/timing signals for when to execute. These include Memory Write, Memory Read, I/O Write, I/O Read, Transfer ACK, Bus Request, Bus Grant, Interrupt Request, Interrupt Acknowledge, Clock.

    Registers

    • Special high-speed storage areas in the CPU.
    • Data needs to be in registers to be processed.

    Instruction Format

    • Programs are stored in RAM as binary (1s and 0s).
    • A word of RAM holds one machine language instruction.
    • Instructions are loaded in the CPU, received, decoded, and implemented sequentially.

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    Computer Organization and Architecture - BNCS1209

    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer organization and architecture with this quiz. Explore key concepts such as CPU types, memory distinctions, and the roles of operating systems and assemblers. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of computer systems.

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