Computer Networks Overview

Computer Networks Overview

• Computer networks consist of two or more interconnected computers.
• Two primary types:
  • Local Area Network (LAN): Connects computers within limited geographic areas, such as homes or schools.
  • Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects computers across larger geographic regions, such as cities or countries.

Network Connections

• Connections can be either wired or wireless.
• A communication path between devices involves a sequence starting from a sender to a receiver.

Computer Network Protocols

• Protocols define communication standards for networked computers.
• Three main protocols:
  • Token Ring Protocol:
    • Rarely used, has been mostly replaced by Ethernet.
    • Wired LAN setup connecting devices in a ring.
    • Data transfer initiated by sending a "Token" signal, limiting data transmission to authorized computers only.
    • Inefficient due to delays as each station must wait its turn to send data.
  • Ethernet Protocol:
    • Widely used wired LAN protocol, capable of data rates of up to 1 gigabit per second.
    • Utilizes a single common cable (Ethernet Cable) for communication among connected devices.
    • Backward compatible, facilitates connection between old and new technologies.
    • Prevents data collisions, allowing simultaneous data sending and receiving.
  • WiFi Protocol:
    • Most common LAN type, also known as WLAN.
    • Connects devices using radio waves instead of cables.
    • "WiFi" stands for Wireless Fidelity, ensuring accurate wireless data transmission.
    • Incorrectly thought to represent "Wireless Area Network"; in reality, WAN emphasizes wide geographic coverage rather than connection type.

Modern Network Configurations

• Many networks now utilize a combination of Ethernet and WiFi based on specific needs.
• Some WANs encompass smaller LANs and may utilize both Ethernet and WiFi at different connection points.