Computer Networks Basics
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Computer Networks Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a modem?

  • To provide secure access to a private network
  • To store data for backup purposes
  • To amplify digital signals for long-distance transmission
  • To convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals (correct)

    • Which type of network is characterized by decentralized control and resource sharing between nodes?

  • Peer to Peer Network Model (correct)
  • Distributed Computing Model
  • Client-Server Network Model
  • Centralised Computing Model

    • What type of network is primarily used for connecting devices in a limited geographical area, such as a home or office?

  • Campus Area Network (CAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Local Area Network (LAN) (correct)
  • Wide Area Network (WAN)

    • Which of the following is not a function of the modem?

    <p>Provides wireless connectivity to devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is specifically designed for data storage solutions?

    <p>Storage Area Network (SAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the OSI model is responsible for the end-to-end communication and error recovery?

    <p>Transport Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transmission medium is primarily used for long-distance data communication due to its high bandwidth?

    <p>Fiber Optic Cables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network would typically allow secure connections over a public network?

    <p>Virtual Private Network (VPN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the transport layer primarily manage?

    <p>Data transfer across networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is associated with the presentation layer?

    <p>Encrypting and decrypting data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the session layer?

    <p>Maintaining communication between applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols operates at the data link layer?

    <p>CSMA/CD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer is responsible for user interaction with applications?

    <p>Application layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is not performed by the presentation layer?

    <p>Segmentation of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of services does the application layer provide?

    <p>Mail services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the session layer?

    <p>Establishing user sessions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of star topology?

    <p>Central hub failure can cause network failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of ring topology?

    <p>Easier troubleshooting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the DHCP process?

    <p>DHCP Discover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ICMP Echo Request message indicate?

    <p>Troubleshooting message for IP connectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for a valid hostname?

    <p>Cannot have spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ICANN play in domain names?

    <p>Manages second level domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about IP addresses is FALSE?

    <p>They consist of three octets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of a network using a ring topology?

    <p>Single-point failure can disrupt the whole network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of servers in the client-server model?

    <p>To run programs that distribute resources among clients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol manages data distribution and retransmission in the client-server model?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a thin client primarily used for in a centralized computing environment?

    <p>To connect to a server-based environment for input and display</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using a client-server model?

    <p>It centralizes data management for easier backup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disadvantage of the client-server model?

    <p>High costs associated with Network Operating Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of a workstation in a centralized computing model?

    <p>It connects to the server for processing and resource access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which communication pattern is followed in the client-server model?

    <p>Request-response pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major resource requirement for a server in a client-server model?

    <p>Large memory and processing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Service Point Addressing in the transport layer?

    <p>To ensure message delivery to the correct process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes connection-oriented service in the transport layer?

    <p>It requires three phases: connection establishment, data transfer, and termination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the Data Link layer?

    <p>Adding MAC addresses to frames for device identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the Packet in the Network layer?

    <p>It refers to the segment in the Network layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by the Data Link layer?

    <p>Routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for converting bits into predictable signals?

    <p>Physical Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Flow Control manage in the context of the Data Link layer?

    <p>The transmission of data frames to prevent overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily associated with connection-oriented service?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Network

    • A system that connects multiple devices to share data, resources, and applications
    • Data is transferred through wired or wireless connections
    • Enables communication and collaboration between devices

    Basic Network and their components

    • Hub: A central device that connects network components
    • Switch: Offers more advanced features than a hub, with more efficient communication
    • Router: Connects multiple networks and manages data flow
    • NIC: (Network Interface Card) Links a device to the network

    Primary Elements of a Network

    • Clients: Devices that request services from a server
    • Servers: Provide resources and services to clients

    Networking Advantages & Disadvantages

    • Advantages:
      • Shared resources, like printers and files
      • Collaborative work and communication
      • Centralized management
    • Disadvantages:
      • Security risks
      • Cost of installation and maintenance
      • Dependence on network infrastructure

    Network Models

    • Peer-to-peer: All devices are equal, sharing resources directly with each other
    • Client-server: Centralized system with servers providing services, and clients requesting them
    • Centralized computing: All processing and storage happens on a central server
    • Distributed computing: Processing and storage spread across multiple devices in a network

    Client-Server Network Model

    • Clients request services from servers
    • Servers provide resources to clients
    • Communication follows a request-response pattern
    • Commonly uses TCP/IP protocol suite
    • Examples: Email, web browsing, network printing

    Centralised Computing Model

    • Centralized processing and storage on a server
    • Thin clients connected to the server, with minimal resources and no local storage
    • Workstations connected to the server, with more powerful hardware and resources

    Distributed Computing Model

    • Processing and storage distributed across multiple devices in a network
    • Increases availability, reliability, and scalability
    • Examples: Cloud computing, peer-to-peer file sharing

    Planning a Network and Servers

    • Network requirements: Identify network needs and demands
    • Server types: Select appropriate server types for specific tasks
    • Cost: Determine budget constraints
    • Security: Implement security measures to protect the network
    • Scalability: Ensure the network can accommodate future growth

    Specialised Servers

    • Database servers: Store and manage data
    • Web servers: Host websites and deliver web content
    • Email servers: Manage email communication
    • File servers: Store and share files
    • Print servers: Manage print functions
    • Game servers: Host online games

    Types of Computer Network

    • LAN (Local Area Network): Connects devices in a limited area, like a home or office
    • PAN (Personal Area Network): Connects devices within a personal space, like a smartphone or laptop
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Connects devices over a larger area, like a city
    • WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects devices across a wide geographical area, like countries or continents
    • CAN (Campus Area Network): Connects devices within a campus, like a university or school
    • SAN (Storage Area Network): Specialised network for high-speed data storage and transfer
    • CDN (Content Delivery Network): Delivers content to users closer to their location, improving speed and performance

    Specialized Networks

    • Extranet: Connects a company's network with external partners or suppliers
    • Intranet: Internal network for communication and sharing within a company
    • VPN (Virtual Private Network): Creates a secure connection over a public network

    OSI Reference Model

    • Layer 7: Application - Enables user applications to access network services
    • Layer 6: Presentation - Manages data formatting and translation
    • Layer 5: Session - Establishes and maintains connections between applications
    • Layer 4: Transport - Manages reliable data transfer
    • Layer 3: Network - Provides routing and logical addressing
    • Layer 2: Data Link - Manages data transfer between physical network links
    • Layer 1: Physical - Defines physical connections and signal transmission

    Functions of each layer in the DoD Model

    • Application Layer: Provides services to users, allowing them to interact with the network
    • Presentation Layer: Handles data formatting, ensuring compatibility between different systems
    • Session Layer: Manages communication between applications and establishes sessions
    • Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transmission, with error checking and flow control
    • Network Layer: Provides addressing and routing for data packets
    • Data Link Layer: Manages data transfer over physical links, with error detection and flow control
    • Physical Layer: Defines physical connections and signal transmission

    Transmission Medium

    • Twisted Pair: A pair of insulated wires twisted together to reduce interference
      • UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): A common type of twisted pair cable
      • STP (Shielded Twisted Pair): Twisted pair wires with an additional shield for better interference protection
    • Fiber Optic Cables: Transmit light pulses through strands of glass, offering high bandwidth and speed
      • Single-Mode Fiber: Transmits a single light ray with minimal dispersion, offering longer distances and higher bandwidth
      • Multi-Mode Fiber: Transmits multiple light rays with varying paths, suited for shorter distances

    Signal Attenuation in Cables

    • Attenuation: Weakening of a signal as it travels through a cable
    • Factors affecting attenuation: Cable length, frequency of the signal, type of cable

    Star Topology

    • All devices connected to a central hub or switch
    • Advantages: Easy modification, issue detection, flexibility in cable types
    • Disadvantages: Central hub failure can cause network failure, requires more cable

    Ring Topology

    • Devices form a circular data path
    • Advantages: No device dominance, fair sharing, good performance under heavy traffic
    • Disadvantages: Failure of one device affects the whole network, difficult troubleshooting

    TCP Protocols

    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Provides reliable data transport with error checking and flow control
    • IP (Internet Protocol): Provides addressing and routing for data packets

    Common ICMP Messages

    • Echo Request: Used for troubleshooting network connectivity
    • Echo Reply: Response to an Echo Request
    • Redirect: Informs sending host of a better route to the destination
    • Source Quench: Informs sending host to reduce data transmission rate
    • Destination Unreachable: Informs sending host that the destination is unreachable

    IP Addressing

    • IP Address: 32 bits, divided into four octets (8 bits each)
    • Dotted Decimal Notation: Each octet is converted to a decimal number, separated by dots (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
    • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Automatically assigns IP addresses to devices

    Name Resolution

    • DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves human-readable domain names to IP addresses
    • Host Name Guidelines: Limited to letters, digits, and specific signs, with restrictions for first character and length

    DNS Space Structure

    • Root Domain: The top-level of the DNS hierarchy
    • Top Level Domain (TLD): Examples: .com, .org, .net
    • Second Level Domain: Registers specific organizations, maintained by ICANN

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    Related Documents

    NWD181 Notes.docx

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of computer networks, including their components such as hubs, switches, and routers. Understand the primary elements like clients and servers, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of networking. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of how networks function and their applications.

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