Computer Networks and Internet Standards

When the ISO and the IEEE both issue standards for the same artefact, architecture, or process and the standards disagree, what should be done?

IEEE 802.11ax is better known as:

Which historical event had a profound impact on many design decisions for the Internet (or ARPAnet then)?

The RIR for Europe is:

Which ISO OSI layer is responsible for regulating which node is allowed to transmit next in cases where two computers are directly connected?

The phrase 'protocol stack' is used in a network context because:

Protocols such as SMTP, POP3, and FTP are deemed to be application layer protocols. In addition, they often include functionality associated with the following ISO OSI layer(s):

When an email client transmits an email via SMTP, it may usually connect to the following port(s) for cleartext transmissions:

Which protocol will a discless computer typically use to transfer an operating system image from a server to the computer, when the computer boots?

Which of the following statements about X.509 is/are true?

Which ISO OSI layer may provide checkpoints, such that only messages sent since the last checkpoint have to be retransmitted after a connection has been lost?

How are the SYN and ACK packets sent during a TCP handshake differentiated from one another?

How does the server differentiate between the ACK packet received as the last part of the handshake to establish a connection and an ACK packet that acknowledges data?

What is the minimum number of timer types required by any sliding window ARQ protocol?

The TCP quiet timer determines when a port may be used for a new TCP connection after a previous connection has been closed. Which of the following claims is/are true?

Which command enables one to see the status of transport layer connections on a host (in most operating systems)?

What type of port is port 55555?

What does the claim that QUIC is a quick protocol mean?

Which of the following actions always happen(s) when a client establishes a QUIC connection with a server?

QUIC connections can migrate. Which party can initiate such a migration in QUICv1 or QUICv2?

Which of the following headers are always present in a long QUIC header? Include cases where the length of the field will be present and may be 0, meaning that the field itself may be omitted.

Assume a client establishes a new QUIC connection at time t0 with a server. The server receives the initial packet at time t1 and immediately sends its response(s). This process continues with the client transmitting at even times (t0, t2, t4, …) and the server transmitting at odd times (t1, t3, t5, …). What is the soonest time at which application data may (sometimes) be sent?

Assume a client establishes a new QUIC connection at time t0 with a server. The server receives the initial packet at time t1 and immediately sends its response(s). This process continues with the client transmitting at even times (t0, t2, t4, …) and the server transmitting at odd times (t1, t3, t5, …). What is the soonest time at which 1-RTT application data may (sometimes) be sent?

Assume a client establishes a new QUIC connection at time t0 with a server. The server receives the initial packet at time t1 and immediately sends its response(s). This process continues with the client transmitting at even times (t0, t2, t4, …) and the server transmitting at odd times (t1, t3, t5, …). What is the soonest time at which the connection may be deemed to be fully established?