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Computer Networks 1: Data Center Basics
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Computer Networks 1: Data Center Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of introducing multiple links between access switches and intra-DC network, and ToR switches and aggregation switches?

  • To increase the overall network latency
  • To reduce the number of servers in a rack
  • To decrease the network's overall throughput
  • To eliminate single points of failure (correct)
  • What problem can arise from introducing additional links to avoid single points of failure?

  • Increased latency
  • Packet loops (correct)
  • Packet duplication
  • Network congestion
  • What is one option to deal with packet loops in an all Ethernet switching network?

  • Implement IP layer routing
  • Introduce additional loops to balance traffic
  • Disable non-tree links using a spanning tree protocol (correct)
  • Use a hybrid L3/L2 switching network
  • What is the benefit of using IP layer routing in a data center network?

    <p>It avoids loops in the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Virtual Data Center (VDC)?

    <p>To pool cloud-based resources for users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a hybrid L3/L2 switching network?

    <p>It ensures Ethernet subnets have no loops and provides redundant connectivity via IP layer routing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of a Virtual Data Center (VDC) over an on-premise data center?

    <p>It eliminates the need for an on-premise data center and provides scalable resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a spanning tree protocol in an Ethernet switching network?

    <p>It recomputes the network topology in case of link failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a data center network and an ISP network in terms of the number of nodes?

    <p>Data centers have thousands of nodes while ISP networks have hundreds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the access layer in a conventional data center topology?

    <p>To provide connectivity to the servers through Top of Rack (ToR) switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the switch used to connect servers in a rack in a conventional data center topology?

    <p>Top of Rack (ToR) switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a specific topology in a data center network?

    <p>Topology-specific routing optimization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the power distribution systems in a data center?

    <p>To distribute power to the servers and other equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the layer that connects to the core layer in a conventional data center topology?

    <p>Aggregation layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for having at least one switch per rack in a data center?

    <p>To fill the rack with servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the communication infrastructure in a data center?

    <p>Data center network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hypervisor in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To allow multiple VMs to run on a single physical server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of virtual switches in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To enable communication between VMs within the VDC and with external networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using virtual storage in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>It allows for flexible allocation of storage resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of management and orchestration tools in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To control and automate the provisioning, configuration, and monitoring of VDC components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of security components in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To protect the VDC and its workloads from unauthorized access and cyber threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of virtual links in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To enable communication between VMs within the VDC and with external networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using virtual machines in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>It enables efficient utilization of hardware resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of load balancers in a Virtual Data Center?

    <p>To distribute workload across multiple VMs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Center Basics

    • A data center can range from a few server machines in a room to a large facility near customers or energy producers.
    • A data center consists of:
      • Servers (physical machines)
      • Storage
      • Network devices (switches, routers, cables)
      • Power distribution systems
      • Cooling systems

    Data Center Network

    • A data center network is a communications infrastructure that can be described by:
      • Topology
      • Routing/switching equipment
      • Protocols
    • Compared to ISP networks, data center networks have:
      • A larger number of nodes (e.g., Google has 12,000)
      • Specific topologies for routing optimization

    Data Center Network Topology

    • Conventional topology consists of three layers:
      • Access layer with Top of the Rack (ToR) switches
      • Aggregation layer
      • Core layer
    • To avoid single points of failure, multiple links are used, which can create loops in the network topology.

    Dealing with Loops in Network Topology

    • Options to deal with loops:
      • Spanning tree protocol to select a "tree" and disable non-tree links
      • Perform all switching at the IP layer, using Ethernet for point-to-point links
      • Ensure Ethernet subnets have no loops and provide redundant connectivity via IP layer routing in a hybrid L3/L2 switching network

    Data Center Virtualization

    • A Virtual Data Center (VDC) is a pool of cloud-based infrastructure resources, including:
      • Computing
      • Storage
      • Networking
    • VDC eliminates the need for an on-premise data center and provides flexible deployment of resources.

    Virtual Data Center Components

    • Virtual Machines (VMs): software-based emulations of physical computers that run on a hypervisor
    • Virtual Networking: enables communication between VMs within the VDC and with external networks
    • Virtual Storage: provides a centralized, software-defined storage pool for VMs
    • Hypervisor: the foundation of a VDC, allowing multiple VMs to run on a single physical server
    • Management and Orchestration: tools used to control and automate the provisioning, configuration, and monitoring of VDC components
    • Security: virtual firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and access control mechanisms protect the VDC and its workloads.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of data center concepts, including data center topology, virtualization, and hardware. It's a part of the Computer Networks 1 course, specifically Lecture 9.

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