Computer Networking Protocols Quiz

Short packets enable parallel transmission across multiple communication channels, reduce packetization delay for real-time traffic like voice, and minimize control information overhead.

The Transport Layer in the OSI model relies on services provided by the Network Layer below it for data transmission.

Within the OSI model, a single entity at a specific layer can have multiple addresses at the layer below it.

Increasing the transmission speed while maintaining the same data unit size and delay allows for a larger window size in Go-Back-N protocols to improve efficiency.

The efficiency of a Go-Back-N protocol is affected by the ratio of transmission time (tx) to propagation delay (tp). Increasing the transmission speed, which reduces tx, necessitates a larger window size to maintain efficiency.

Longer packets reduce the proportion of control information, leading to increased efficiency in transferring large data units (SDUs).

Packet length is influenced by the feasibility of parallelization (pipelining), packetization delay, and the proportion of control information.

Parallelization, packetization delay, and the probability of errors on packets are critical factors in determining the effectiveness of a communication method.

A window protocol where the receiver acknowledges the receipt of data segments cumulatively, meaning it acknowledges the highest-numbered segment received in order. This simplifies receiver implementation.

A type of communication protocol where the sender waits for an acknowledgment (ACK) after each data unit is sent before transmitting the next unit. This is simple but inefficient for high-bandwidth connections.

A type of communication protocol that allows the sender to transmit multiple data units before waiting for an acknowledgment. This improves efficiency but requires more complex buffering and sequencing mechanisms.

A method of accessing a shared communication channel where users transmit data without coordinating. Collisions can occur, and a random backoff mechanism is used to resolve them.

A variation of the Aloha protocol where users are assigned fixed time intervals for transmission, helping to reduce collisions and improve overall efficiency.

The internet's layered architecture, consisting of four layers, each responsible for specific functions: application, transport, internetwork, and network access. This modular design allows for flexibility and adaptability.

A protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of data over an unreliable network. It uses a sliding window mechanism to optimize transmission efficiency and handle packet loss or corruption.

The TCP header has a variable size due to its "Options" field, which can include additional information depending on the transmission needs.

Logical addresses in the Internet are organized into domains, which are hierarchical structures that enable efficient routing and management.

The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is used for routing information between Autonomous Systems (ASs), which are independent network domains.

In the OSI model, an (N)-connection, representing a connection at layer N, can be realized by one or more connections at layer (N-1).

In the 100Mbit/s Ethernet standard, the MAC protocol remains unchanged compared to the 10Mbit/s version. While collisions are still possible, the larger bandwidth offers a wider 'collision domain.'

In routing algorithms, the metric (cost) represents the weight assigned to a link in path selection, reflecting factors like network capacity or signal strength.

Virtual circuit type services provide a dedicated connection between endpoints, offering higher reliability and guaranteed bandwidth compared to datagram services, which utilize a best-effort approach.

The metric (cost) in a routing algorithm represents the estimated cost or weight associated with a specific link in the network, which helps the routing algorithm choose the most efficient path.

Virtual circuit services offer predictable data delivery with consistent route and minimal delay variation. They are established at connection opening and route information is maintained throughout the connection.

Datagram services allow packets to travel independently, choosing their own routes. This has no guarantee of delivery order or consistent timing. Each packet's route is determined individually.

Transparent Bridges in IEEE 802.1d learn routes by listening to network traffic and forward packets based on learned information.

Fast Ethernet at 100 Mb/s uses a smaller packet size, allowing sufficient time for collision detection within the network.

The increased transmission speed of Gigabit Ethernet requires larger packet sizes to maintain sufficient time for collision detection.

VBR (Variable Bit Rate) sources, often used in streaming and file transfer, exhibit a wider range of transmission speeds compared to CBR (Constant Bit Rate) sources, used in video conferencing.

End-to-end error recovery ensures reliable data delivery and is typically implemented at the Transport level.

The Transport level (e.g., TCP) handles communication between applications and ensures data integrity and transmission reliability. It can implement error recovery mechanisms.

The ability to simultaneously send and receive data packets, allowing for more efficient data transfer.

A network topology where each node is connected to a central hub, offering easy setup and management but lacking resilience to failures.

A network topology where nodes are connected in a linear chain, simple to setup but vulnerable to single-point failures.

A data transmission technique where the entire data packet is received and stored by a node before being forwarded.

A data transmission protocol where data is sent in fixed-size units called packets.

A network topology resembling a tree with branching connections, offering good organization but requiring careful routing.

A communication protocol that allows for retransmitting lost packets, improving reliability.

A communication protocol that allows for retransmitting lost packets, but relies on sending all packets in a sequence again.

A value calculated from segment data that allows detection of errors during transmission. The receiving device recalculates the checksum and compares it to the received value to identify errors.

A single bit field in the LaPB protocol used by the primary station to request a response from secondary stations, and by secondary stations to indicate the end of a response.

This protocol does not implement data unit boundary functions because it relies on a higher layer protocol, like MAC, to provide delimiters.

A communication mode where two devices can transmit data simultaneously without collisions, enabling faster data exchange.

A crucial component of TCP, involving the sending device confirming the successful receipt of data segments by the receiver. This mechanism ensures reliable data delivery.

TCP's capability to recover from errors by retransmitting lost or corrupted data segments. This ensures reliable data delivery despite network challenges.

A protocol used in domestic access to the internet that provides error detection and correction through checksums and retransmissions.

A protocol used in ISDN B-channel networks for data transmission, and it includes mechanisms for detecting and correcting errors within data units.