Computer Networking Key Concepts

A diagram that shows how network devices and services are organized to connect clients.

Connecting computers to share resources like files and the internet.

A small network connecting personal devices, like headphones and smartphones.

A network connecting devices in a limited area (office, house).

A network connecting devices in multiple buildings on a university or corporate campus.

A network covering a city, connecting buildings, and devices.

Classifying networks by their geographic scope (PAN, LAN, CAN, MAN).

Networks designed to support large organizations.

A large network spanning cities, provinces, or countries.

A standard model for communication between networks.

Handles physical connections (electrical and mechanical).

Manages error recovery, flow control, and sequencing.

Controls message routing and packaging.

Handles end-to-end message delivery.

Highest layer in the OSI model; supports applications.

Handles data formatting, encryption, and decryption.

A seven-layered structure describing networking functions from physical interfaces to application interfaces.

Handles signal and media transmission in a network.

Controls the flow of data and ensures it's delivered reliably from one node to another.

Manages connections and communication between applications.

Prepares and structures messages, handling code conversion and encryption.

Interacts with application programs (like web browsers, email)

Connects devices within a local area network.

Ensures network compatibility, aids in advancement of networking technology.

A network connection that uses physical cables (like Ethernet) to transmit data between devices.

A network connection using radio waves to transmit data between devices without physical cables.

A device that allows wireless devices (like laptops and phones) to connect to a wired network.

A device that combines a router, switch, and access point, allowing multiple devices to connect to the internet wirelessly.

A device that combines a modem and a router, providing internet access to wireless devices.

A network structure where all devices connect to a single shared cable.

A network structure where all devices connect to a central hub or switch.

Because if one device on the bus fails, the entire network can be affected.

The Transport layer takes care of error-free delivery of data packets, ensuring they reach their destination without any issues. It's like the reliable delivery service for your digital packages.

A Hub broadcasts data to all connected devices, regardless of the intended recipient. This can lead to network congestion and security risks.

A Switch establishes direct connections between devices, avoiding the broadcast of data like a Hub. This makes it more efficient and secure.

A Cable Modem connects your home network to the internet using a cable connection. It acts as the bridge between your home and the vast world of the Internet.

Servers provide essential network resources like data, files, services, and applications to other computers or clients. Think of them as the central library and service center for your digital world.

A Firewall acts as a security guard, monitoring and controlling network traffic, allowing only authorized access according to predefined policies. It safeguards your network from unwanted intrusions.

Wired networks use cables for connections, offering higher speeds and reliability. Wireless networks use radio signals, providing flexibility but can be slower and susceptible to interference.

An efficient network ensures reliable data transfer, handles high traffic effectively, and prioritizes security.

A Local Area Network (LAN) uses a specific protocol and topology to connect devices in a limited area, like an office or home.

Rules that define how devices communicate and exchange information on a network.

The physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections in a network, like a star, bus, or mesh.

A hub is a simple device that broadcasts data it receives to all connected devices, like a megaphone.

A switch is a more intelligent device that directs data to specific destinations, unlike a hub.

A network where devices take turns sending data using a token, ensuring fair access.