Computer Networking Fundamentals

Study Notes

Computer Networking

Networking

Definition: The process of connecting devices to share resources, exchange data, and communicate with each other.
Goals: Provide communication, resource sharing, and data exchange between devices.

LAN (Local Area Network)

Definition: A computer network that spans a small geographical area, typically within a building or campus.
Characteristics:
- Limited geographical area
- High-speed data transfer rates
- Owned and managed by a single organization
Examples: Home network, office network, school network

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Definition: A computer network that spans a large geographical area, often connecting multiple LANs.
Characteristics:
- Covers a large geographical area
- Lower-speed data transfer rates compared to LAN
- Often uses public networks (e.g., Internet) for connectivity
Examples: Internet, MPLS network, WAN connecting multiple offices

Client-Server Architecture

Definition: A network architecture where one or more clients request resources or services from a central server.
Characteristics:
- Server provides resources and services
- Clients request and receive resources and services
Advantages:
- Centralized management and maintenance
- Scalability and flexibility
- Easy to implement and manage
Disadvantages:
- Single point of failure (server)
- Clients dependent on server for resources and services

Peer-to-Peer Architecture

Definition: A network architecture where equal peers communicate and share resources directly with each other.
Characteristics:
- No centralized server or authority
- Peers act as both clients and servers
Advantages:
- No single point of failure
- Enhanced scalability and flexibility
- Improved resource utilization
Disadvantages:
- Difficult to implement and manage
- Security and access control challenges

Network Topology

Definition: The physical and logical arrangement of devices and connections in a network.
Types:
- Physical Topology: Physical arrangement of devices and connections (e.g., bus, star, ring)
- Logical Topology: The way data flows through the network (e.g., bus, ring, mesh)
Examples:
- Bus Topology: A single cable connects all devices in a linear sequence
- Star Topology: Devices connected to a central hub or switch
- Ring Topology: Devices connected in a circular configuration
- Mesh Topology: Each device connected to every other device

Description

Explore the basics of computer networking, including LAN and WAN, client-server and peer-to-peer architectures, and network topologies. Learn about the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each concept.