Computer Networking Basics

Computer Network

• A computer network is a set of two or more computers linked together to communicate, exchange, share, or distribute data, files, and resources.
• Networks can be connected via wired cables or wireless networks like Wi-Fi.

LAN (Local Area Network)

• A LAN is a group of devices connected over a short distance, such as an office or home.
• Ethernet LAN is a commonly used LAN.
• LANs allow users to transfer or share data, files, and resources.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

• A WAN is a network type that connects computers over a wide geographical area, such as a country or continent.
• WAN includes several LANs, MANs, and CANs.
• The Internet is an example of a WAN, connecting billions of computers globally.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

• A VPN is a secure tool that encrypts point-to-point Internet connection and hides the user's IP address and virtual location.
• VPNs boost user's online privacy by making their identity and data inaccessible to hackers.

SAN (Storage Area Network)

• A SAN is a specialized high-speed network that stores and provides access to block-level storage.
• SAN is a dedicated shared network used for cloud data storage that appears and works like a storage drive.
• SAN consists of various switches, servers, and disk arrays.
• One of the advantages of SAN is that it is fault-tolerant, meaning data can still be accessed if any switch or server goes down.

PAN (Personal Area Network)

• A PAN is a type of network used personally and usually serves one person.
• PAN connects devices like smartphones, laptops, or desktops to sync content and share small files.
• Devices connect via wireless networks such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or Infrared.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

• A MAN is a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city or multiple cities and towns.
• MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.

CAN (Campus Area Network)

• A CAN is a closed corporate communication network that may contain a private or public part.
• CANs are widely used in colleges, academies, and corporate sites.
• A CAN is a network designed to meet the needs of an extensive area like a university, corporate campus, or hospital complex.
• CAN connects multiple buildings, providing seamless internet and intranet access across a more extensive area than a traditional LAN.

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

• A WLAN is similar to a LAN with the difference that it uses wireless communication between devices instead of wired connections.
• WLAN typically involves a Wi-Fi router or wireless access point for devices.

Network Management

• Networks are used to assist in management tasks associated with their own operation and maintenance.
• Using networks results in increased efficiency and a resultant reduction in maintenance costs.