Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of solid-state storage device?
Which of the following is NOT a type of solid-state storage device?
What is the primary function of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?
What is the primary function of the Control Unit (CU) in a CPU?
What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a CPU?
What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a CPU?
What is the name of the small set of data holding places that are part of the computer processor?
What is the name of the small set of data holding places that are part of the computer processor?
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What are the four steps in the executing cycle of a CPU?
What are the four steps in the executing cycle of a CPU?
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What is the term for the process of reading an instruction from main memory?
What is the term for the process of reading an instruction from main memory?
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What is the 'brain' of the computer?
What is the 'brain' of the computer?
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What type of storage is used in a solid-state disk (SSD)?
What type of storage is used in a solid-state disk (SSD)?
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What is the primary function of the Memory Unit (MU) in a CPU?
What is the primary function of the Memory Unit (MU) in a CPU?
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What is the term for the instructions that a CPU executes?
What is the term for the instructions that a CPU executes?
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Study Notes
Cache Memory
- Cache memory is a special type of internal memory used by many CPUs.
- It is like a memory register but outside of the CPU.
Registers, Cache Memory, and Main Memory
- Registers are inside the CPU and used to store instructions and data when processed.
- Cache memory is a faster and smaller memory that stores frequently used data.
- Main memory has the programs that are currently being run and the operating system's data.
Secondary Storage Devices
- Secondary memory is external memory with higher storage capacity.
- It is not directly accessible to the CPU.
- Examples of secondary storage devices include:
- Floppy disk
- Hard disk
- Magnetic tape
- CD
- DVD
- ROM (Read Only Memory)
Magnetic Storage Devices
- Magnetic devices are coated with a magnetically sensitive material.
- They use magnetic charges to represent 1 and 0.
- Examples of magnetic storage devices include:
- Floppy disk
- Hard disk
- Magnetic tape
Optical Storage Devices
- Optical storage devices use a laser beam to read data on plastic or metallic disks.
- 1 and 0 are represented by flat areas called lands and pits.
- Examples of optical storage devices include:
- CD
- DVD
Types of CDs and DVDs
- CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory)
- CD-R (Compact Disc Recordable)
- CD-RW (Compact Disc Re Writable)
- DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory)
- DVD-R (DVD Recordable)
- DVD-RAM (DVD Random Access Memory)
- DVD-RW (DVD Re Writable)
Solid State Storage Devices
- Solid state storage devices use integrated circuits to store data.
- They store data electronically as 1 and 0.
- Data reads and writes very quickly.
- Examples of solid state storage devices include:
- Flash memory
- Smart cards
- Solid state disks (SSD)
Monitors
- Three main types of monitors include:
- Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor
- Flat panel monitor (Liquid Crystal Display (LCD))
- LED monitor
Projector
- A multimedia projector is a compact, high-resolution, full-color projector.
- It is used to project text, images, video, and audio content.
- It is commonly used in classrooms and auditoriums for slide presentations.
Printer
- A printer is used to get processed information on paper (hard copies).
- Examples of printers include:
- Ink-Jet printer
- Laser printer
- Dot-Matrix printer
Speakers, Headphone, and Headset
- A speaker is the key output device of sound.
- A sound system includes speakers and a sound card.
Memory Unit
- There are two types of storage:
- Primary storage memory
- Secondary storage memory
Primary Storage
- Primary storage memory is directly connected to the CPU.
- There are three types of primary storage:
- Processor registers
- Main memory (RAM)
- Cache memory
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- The CPU contains electronic circuits that process instructions.
- It interprets instructions and performs logical and arithmetic operations.
- It is the "brain" of the computer.
- The CPU can perform:
- Calculations
- Comparisons
- Logical decisions
Components of the CPU
- Control unit (CU)
- Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
- Memory unit (MU)
Control Unit
- It coordinates the sequence of data flow between the processor and memory units.
- It controls data flow inside the processor.
- It obtains instructions from the memory and communicates with input/output devices.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- It performs arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
- It performs logic operations like comparing, selecting, matching, and merging data.
Memory Unit
- The memory inside the CPU is called a register (CPU register).
- It is a small set of data holding places that are part of the computer processor.
- The memory in the CPU (CPU register) stores all data and/or instructions that are currently being processed on the CPU.
Operation of CPU
- The fundamental operation of the CPU is to execute a sequence of stored instructions, called a program.
- There are four steps in the executing cycle:
- Fetch
- Decode
- Execute
- Write back (Store)
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Description
Compare and contrast different types of computer memory, including cache memory, registers, and secondary storage devices.
