Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of CMSC 132?
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?
In the context of the UPLB ICS Course Ladder, which course precedes CMSC 132?
What is the significance of the Von Neumann Architecture in computer science?
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Which of the following best describes Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?
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What is one of the primary concerns in computer architecture?
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When did electronic computers, as understood today, begin to emerge?
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What distinguishes general-purpose computers from early electronic computers?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern in computer architecture?
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Which factor is emphasized as a consideration when developing computer architecture?
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What is one of the primary roles of computer architecture in designing computers?
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What does Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) provide between hardware and software?
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Which property of a good abstraction allows it to remain useful across many generations?
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What is an aligned access in memory addressing?
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Which of the following best describes memory addressing in most desktop and server computers?
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What are general-purpose architectures primarily used for?
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What does encoding an ISA refer to?
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Which is a component of the seven dimensions of Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?
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Which type of addressing mode directly specifies a constant value in an instruction?
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What is one of the key benefits of variable length instructions in instruction set architecture?
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Which of the following is NOT a general category of operations in instruction set architecture?
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What does the Von Neumann architecture primarily consist of?
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Which type of operand size could represent a floating point number in single precision?
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Which component is known for high electric consumption and heat generation?
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What feature distinguishes integrated circuits from transistors?
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In which decade did desktop computers emerge as a significant form of computing?
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What term was coined by IBM in 1964 related to computer systems?
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Which of the following statements about transistors is NOT true?
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What was significant about the computers of the 1990s?
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Which type of computer was prominent during the 1970s?
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What aspect of computer architecture allows machines with the same architecture to run the same software?
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Study Notes
Decrypting and Encrypting Messages
- Essential methods for protecting sensitive information in digital communications.
Numeric Computing
- Facilitates complex calculations using numerical data, crucial in scientific and financial applications.
Business Computation
- Utilizes computational models to analyze business scenarios and improve decision-making.
Computer History Overview
- Electronic computers began development in the 1940s-1950s, focusing initially on specific tasks rather than general purposes.
Components of Early Computers
- Vacuum Tube: Unreliable, high power consumption, and generates excess heat. Formats include diodes and triodes.
- Transistor: Smaller and more reliable than vacuum tubes, with reduced power consumption.
- Integrated Circuit: Compact and efficient, more reliable than individual transistors.
Evolution of Computer Types
- 1960s: Rise of mainframes, large and expensive systems for centralized tasks.
- 1970s: Introduction of minicomputers, more affordable and accessible.
- 1980s: Emergence of desktop computers, making computing personal and widely available.
- 1990s: Internet and World Wide Web growth, leading to handheld digital devices and high-performance electronics.
Introduction to Computer Architecture
- Term introduced by IBM in 1964 with the IBM 360, influencing future computer design.
- Refers to the visible part of a computer’s instruction set that programmers must understand.
Importance of Computer Architecture
- Essential for designing computers that are efficient, performant, and cost-effective.
- Includes defining supported instructions and memory usage within systems.
Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
- Serves as the interface between hardware and software, specifies compatible instructions for processors.
- Fundamental in ensuring software can run across different machine architectures.
Characteristics of Good ISA
- Portability across generations, versatility for various applications, convenient functionality for higher-level languages, and efficient lower-level implementation.
Dimensions of ISA
- Class of ISA: General-purpose vs special-purpose registers.
- Memory Addressing: Typically byte addressing in most computers.
- Addressing Modes: Examples include Immediate, Register, and Displacement addressing.
- Operand Types: Ranges from 8-bit to 64-bit, including various formats like ASCII and IEEE 754.
- Control Flow Instructions: Essential for managing the flow of execution (e.g., branches and jumps).
- Instruction Encoding: Can be fixed or variable length, impacting space and efficiency.
Von Neumann Architecture
- Proposed by John von Neumann, includes a Central Processing Unit, Memory Unit, Storage, and Input/Output systems.
- Serves as a foundational model for most modern computer systems, emphasizing the stored-program concept.
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Description
Explore the development of electronic computers from the 1940s to the 1950s. This quiz covers the evolution from specific task-based systems to more generalized computers. Test your knowledge of early computing components and their importance in technology.
