Computer Hardware

Input Devices

• Keyboard: converts keystrokes into electrical signals
• Mouse: converts movement into electrical signals
• Scanner: converts images or text into digital data
• Webcam: captures video and images
• Microphone: converts sound into electrical signals

Output Devices

• Monitor: displays video and images
• Printer: prints text and images on paper
• Speakers: converts electrical signals into sound

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Executes instructions and performs calculations
• Consists of:
  • Control Unit: retrieves and decodes instructions
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): performs calculations
  • Registers: small amount of memory for temporary storage

Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory): temporary storage for data and programs
• ROM (Read-Only Memory): permanent storage for data and programs
• Cache Memory: small, fast memory for frequently used data

Storage Devices

• Hard Drive: stores data on a magnetic disk
• Solid State Drive (SSD): stores data on interconnected flash memory chips
• Flash Drive: portable storage device for data transfer
• CD/DVD: stores data on optical discs

Motherboard

• Connects and supports all hardware components
• Consists of:
  • Chipset: manages data transfer between components
  • Bus: connects components and allows data transfer
  • Sockets: connect CPU, RAM, and other components

Power Supply

• Converts Alternating Current (AC) power to Direct Current (DC) power for components
• Provides power to all components

Cooling Systems

• Fans: dissipates heat from components
• Liquid Cooling: dissipates heat using a liquid coolant
• Heat Sinks: dissipates heat from components using a metal plate

Input Devices

• Convert user input into electrical signals
• Keyboard: converts keystrokes into electrical signals
• Mouse: converts movement into electrical signals
• Scanner: converts images or text into digital data
• Webcam: captures video and images
• Microphone: converts sound into electrical signals

Output Devices

• Display and present output to the user
• Monitor: displays video and images
• Printer: prints text and images on paper
• Speakers: convert electrical signals into sound

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Executes instructions and performs calculations
• Consists of Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Registers
• Control Unit: retrieves and decodes instructions
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): performs calculations
• Registers: small amount of memory for temporary storage

Memory

• Stores data and programs temporarily or permanently
• RAM (Random Access Memory): temporary storage for data and programs
• ROM (Read-Only Memory): permanent storage for data and programs
• Cache Memory: small, fast memory for frequently used data

Storage Devices

• Store data in various forms
• Hard Drive: stores data on a magnetic disk
• Solid State Drive (SSD): stores data on interconnected flash memory chips
• Flash Drive: portable storage device for data transfer
• CD/DVD: stores data on optical discs

Motherboard

• Connects and supports all hardware components
• Consists of Chipset, Bus, and Sockets
• Chipset: manages data transfer between components
• Bus: connects components and allows data transfer
• Sockets: connect CPU, RAM, and other components

Power Supply

• Converts Alternating Current (AC) power to Direct Current (DC) power
• Provides power to all components

Cooling Systems

• Manage heat generated by components
• Fans: dissipate heat from components
• Liquid Cooling: dissipate heat using a liquid coolant
• Heat Sinks: dissipate heat from components using a metal plate