CHAPTER 2 HARD

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Which component on the system board controls the communication for the entire computer system?

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

Memory chips

System board or main board or motherboard (correct)

What is the main function of the Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) in the CPU?

Performs arithmetic and logical operations (correct)

Holds programs and data that the CPU is presently processing

Tells the computer system how to carry out a program’s instruction

Provides a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards

What is the purpose of flash memory in the system unit?

To connect external USB devices onto the USB bus

To divide a program between memory and storage enabling the system to run very large programs

To store information that can be updated and is non-volatile (correct)

To handle keyboard input and access memory

In the context of system unit expansion, what do expansion slots provide?

A connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ports in the system unit?

To connect external devices to the system unit Signup and view all the answers

In the client/server computing model, where is the user point of entry?

Client Signup and view all the answers

What technology standard did business firms seriously start using to tie their disparate networks together after 1995?

TCP/IP Signup and view all the answers

Which model of computing provides access to a shared pool of computing resources over a network, often the Internet?

Cloud Computing Model Signup and view all the answers

What determines the power of personal computers according to the text?

Speed, Capacity, and Flexibility Signup and view all the answers

What types of system units are mentioned in the text?

Desktops and Laptops Signup and view all the answers

What type of readers interpret encoded information stored on debit, credit, and identification cards?

Magnetic card readers Signup and view all the answers

Which device uses handwriting recognition software and is commonly used on tablets?

Stylus Signup and view all the answers

What type of mouse emits and senses light to detect mouse movement, and can be used on any surface?

Optical mouse Signup and view all the answers

Which output device is known for presenting visual images of text and graphics, and is often referred to as soft copy?

Flat-panel monitor Signup and view all the answers

What type of image capturing device captures images digitally and stores them in memory?

Digital camera Signup and view all the answers

When did the general-purpose mainframe and minicomputer era begin?

1959 Signup and view all the answers

What marked the beginning of widespread commercial use of mainframe computers?

Introduction of IBM 1401 and 7090 transistorized machines Signup and view all the answers

What made mainframe computers powerful enough to support thousands of online remote terminals?

Introduction of the IBM 360 series Signup and view all the answers

What launched a spate of personal desktop productivity software tools in the 1980s and early 1990s?

Proliferation of PCs Signup and view all the answers

Which event had a significant impact on both home and corporate users?

Proliferation of PCs in the 1980s Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the read-write head of a hard disk?

It alters the magnetic charges of the disk’s surface to represent 1s and 0s Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of secondary storage?

Permanent storage Signup and view all the answers

Which performance enhancement involves grouping multiple disk drives to work together as a single unit?

RAID Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of saving information to storage called?

Writing Signup and view all the answers

Which type of printers uses a laser light beam to produce images?

Laser printers Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity range of USB drives or flash drives?

1 GB to 256 GB Signup and view all the answers

How are 3D-ICs different from traditional printed circuit boards?

They involve a transition from printed circuit boards to three-dimensional integrated circuits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using cloud storage services?

File sharing and collaboration Signup and view all the answers

Which type of optical disc holds over 128 gigabytes (GB) of data?

Portable optical discs Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of nanotechnology?

It involves building materials at the atomic scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of system software?

To run computer hardware and manage resources Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software is typically bundled with a computer's operating system?

System software Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of programming software?

To develop programs and applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of application software?

Enhancing the functionality of the computer Signup and view all the answers

Which category of software is designed to cause harm to computer systems or networks?

Malicious software Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of programming software?

Compiler Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software is designed to be publicly accessible so that anyone can see, modify, and distribute the code as they see fit?

Open source Signup and view all the answers

Which type of software is provided for free on a trial basis with the understanding that the user may need or want to pay for it later if satisfied with the product usage?

Shareware Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of system software?

To manage resources available in the system Signup and view all the answers

In programming software, which category includes languages like C#, Java, and Python that are user-oriented and designed to convert algorithms into program code?

High-level programming software Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'closed source' in software refer to?

Software whose source code is not freely accessible Signup and view all the answers

Which component of programming software quickly translates the entire source program in a high-level language into an equivalent program in machine language?

Compiler Signup and view all the answers

What does Disk Cleanup utility program do in Windows Operating Systems?

Identifies and eliminates nonessential files Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Presentation Software in the context of application software?

Construct sequences of words and pictures for presentations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Educational Software?

Used solely for educational reasons Signup and view all the answers

How does Multimedia Software contribute to content creation?

Produces interactive content using text, audio, images, and video Signup and view all the answers

What do Utility Suites in System Software typically do?

Combine several programs into one package Signup and view all the answers

In the context of System Software, what can Web Browsers do?

Retrieve data from the internet Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the function of system software?

Managing computer resources and providing security Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of embedded operating systems such as those used in smartphones and smartwatches?

They are less complicated and more specialized for wireless Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Linux, which makes it an attractive alternative to Windows for some users?

It is non-proprietary and free from the web Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of virtualization in system software?

To support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specialized program is designed to recognize and correct problems on a computer?

Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Mac OS X El Capitan from OS X Yosemite, according to the text?

Improved power management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of an assembler in system software?

It converts assembly language program into machine code Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a debugger in system software?

To test and debug other programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an interpreter in programming software?

To execute code immediately before moving on to the following line Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an integrated development environment (IDE) in software development?

To help programmers develop software code efficiently Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the 'average' function in the provided programming examples?

To return the average of the given array Signup and view all the answers

In which programming example are lexical variable scope, recursion, and static type system mentioned?

// Input array int num[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; Signup and view all the answers