Computer Hardware Basics

Study Notes

Major Hardware Components of a Computer System

Hardware encompasses the physical, touchable, electronic, and mechanical parts of a computer system.
A typical personal computer (PC) consists of several key hardware components.

System Unit

Also known as the chassis, it is the main part of a microcomputer.
Houses essential components such as the Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, and Expansion Slots and Cards.

Motherboard

The primary circuit board within a computer.
Connects all essential components and allows communication between them.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Often referred to as the "brain" or "heart" of a computer system.
Executes instructions and processes data.

Primary Storage

Functions as the computer's working storage space.
Holds data, processing instructions, and processed data.

Types of Memory

ROM (Read Only Memory)
- Non-volatile memory that retains data regardless of power status.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
- Volatile memory that loses stored data when power is turned off.

Expansion Bus

A data pathway that facilitates communication between hardware components both inside and outside the computer.

Adapters

Printed-circuit boards, also known as interface cards.
Enable connectivity for peripheral devices that lack appropriate connections or circuit boards within the computer.

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Located in the back corner of the PC case, adjacent to the motherboard.
Converts 120V AC power to lower voltage DC power suitable for computer components.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A magnetic storage device, commonly referred to as a hard drive.
Installed internally to provide data storage for the computer.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental hardware components of a computer system, focusing on the system unit, motherboard, and other essential parts. Test your knowledge on the physical components that make up a PC and their functions.