Computer Hardware Basics

Major Hardware Components of a Computer System

• Hardware is the tangible electronic and mechanical parts of a computer.
• The system unit houses core components and is sometimes referred to as the chassis.
• The motherboard, also known as mainboard or system board, is the primary circuit board that interconnects all components and circuits.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The CPU is the central "brain" of the computer, executing instructions and managing data flow.
• Notable CPU examples include Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon.

Primary Storage

• Primary storage, or main memory, temporarily holds data and processing instructions.
• It consists of RAM (volatile memory) and ROM (non-volatile memory).
• RAM loses its data when powered off, while ROM retains data regardless of power status.

Expansion Bus

• An expansion bus serves as a data pathway that connects various hardware components within or outside the computer.
• It links the CPU to other critical hardware components for efficient communication.

Adapters

• Adapters, or interface cards, are printed-circuit boards that add functionality by enabling connections to peripheral devices.
• They facilitate hardware upgrades and ensure compatibility with new devices.

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

• The PSU transforms standard AC power (120VAC) into DC voltages for use by various components within the PC.
• Located in the back corner of the PC case, it is essential for powering the system.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

• The HDD is a magnetic storage device used for permanent data storage within the computer.
• It plays a crucial role in the long-term retention of data compared to primary storage.