Computer Hardware Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key benefit of Solid-State Drives (SSDs) compared to Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)?

Lower cost of storage

Larger storage capacity

Faster data access speeds (correct)

Use of moving parts

Which of the following correctly describes hybrid drives?

They are only SSDs with larger capacities.

They combine the features of HDDs and SSDs. (correct)

They operate without any flash memory.

They are outdated storage technology.

What is the primary function of input devices?

Convert analog signals to digital data.

Display processed data to the user.

Send data to the CPU for processing. (correct)

Store data for later retrieval.

What distinguishes output devices from input devices?

Output devices convert data to human-readable form. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the power supply unit play in a computer?

It converts power from an outlet to usable power for the computer. Signup and view all the answers

Which device is primarily responsible for rendering graphics on a monitor?

The video card Signup and view all the answers

What is a USB flash drive commonly used for?

To store large amounts of data offline. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of an input device?

Monitor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a network card?

To allow communication over a network Signup and view all the answers

What does a sound card do?

Manages audio output for speakers or headphones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes binary code?

It is made up of bits represented by '0s' and '1s' Signup and view all the answers

How many bits are in one byte?

8 bits Signup and view all the answers

Which device is considered a mobile device?

Smartphone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a laptop computer over a desktop?

Greater portability Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding Bluetooth technology?

It allows wireless communication over short distances Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between KB and MB in data storage?

1 MB is equal to 1024 KB Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the control unit in a computer system?

To coordinate and control other parts of the system. Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is known for being volatile and used for short-term storage?

RAM (Random Access Memory) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cache memory?

A high-speed storage for frequently used data and instructions. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'capacity' refer to in relation to memory characteristics?

The amount of information accommodated in memory. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory can only be read from and is non-volatile?

ROM (Read Only Memory) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a register in the ALU or control unit?

To provide temporary storage for data and instructions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is defined as 'the rate at which data can be transferred into or out of memory'?

Transfer rate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes PROM from other types of ROM?

It can be programmed only once. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step when finding the complement in binary subtraction?

Add the number you are subtracting from Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binary multiplication of 1010 and 1001?

1011010 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a code used for representing characters in computers?

XYZ Signup and view all the answers

In BCD, how many bits are used to represent a decimal digit?

4 bits Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if subtraction in binary division is not possible?

Put a 0 in the quotient Signup and view all the answers

What does BCD stand for?

Binary Coded Decimal Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is first performed in binary division?

Subtraction of divisor from dividend Signup and view all the answers

What is the final result when there is a carry after adding in binary subtraction?

Continue the addition process Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a compiler?

To translate source programs into object programs Signup and view all the answers

How does an interpreter differ from a compiler in terms of execution?

It operates statement-by-statement Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a role of the operating system?

Translating high-level language into machine code Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using an interpreter?

It is slower than compilers when running a finished program Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an operating system?

A collection of system software managing computer resources Signup and view all the answers

What type of errors can a compiler detect?

Syntax errors Signup and view all the answers

Why is an interpreter generally considered easier for correcting programs?

Because it allows for immediate execution after each statement Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a source program during the compilation process?

It is translated into an executable form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an algorithm?

To provide a sequence of instructions for solving a problem Signup and view all the answers

Which flowchart symbol is used to indicate a decision point?

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

What does a flowchart primarily help with?

Visualizing complex processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a starting or ending point in a flowchart?

Terminator Signup and view all the answers

In a flowchart, what does a process box typically represent?

A specific operation or action Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tasks can algorithms perform?

Calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning tasks Signup and view all the answers

What does the data symbol in a flowchart represent?

Information entering or leaving the system Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the origin of the term 'algorithm'?

Abu Jafar Mohammed Ibn Musa Al Khowarizmi Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Computer Studies

Computer Studies is a complex system using elementary electronic components to process data.
Two main types exist: digital computers (operating on discrete data) and analog computers (operating on continuous data). Examples of digital computers include PCs, workstations, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Examples of analog computers include thermometers, speedometers, gasoline pumps, and electric watt meters.

Functions of Computers

Data processing
Data storage
Data movement between the computer and the outside world (input-output devices)
Control of input-output devices
Communication

Characteristics of Computers

Automatic: Computers operate independently without human intervention. They cannot start themselves.
Accuracy: Computers are highly accurate, but errors can occur due to human factors (e.g., incorrect data input) rather than technological issues. The degree of accuracy depends on the computer's design.
Speed: Computers are very fast, capable of completing tasks within seconds.

Characteristics of Computer (Additional)

Storage: Computers have built-in memory to store large amounts of data.
Diligence: Computers are not affected by tiredness or fatigue and can operate continuously without error.
Versatility: Computers can perform various types of work.
Power of Remembering: Computers are capable of storing large amounts of information.
No IQ: Computers require instructions from the user to operate; they cannot initiate tasks independently.
No Feeling: Computers do not exhibit emotions, tastes, or knowledge as humans do.

Categories of Computers

Supercomputer: The fastest and most powerful, used for complex mathematical calculations. Measurements of speed are given in terms of Gigaflops (10⁹ operations/second), Teraflops (10¹²), and Petaflops (10¹⁵).
Mainframe: Large, expensive, but powerful computers capable of handling hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
Minicomputer: A computer of medium size, intermediate between a microcomputer and a mainframe.
Workstation: A computer designed for individual use, faster and more capable than a personal computer.
Microcomputer: A small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).

Generations of Computers

First Generation (1942-1955): Vacuum tube technology
Second Generation (1955-1964): Transistor technology
Third Generation (1965-1975): Integrated Circuit (IC) chip technology
Fourth Generation (1975-1989): Microprocessor chip technology

Main Structural Components

Input (taking in data)
Processing (performing operations on data)
Output (delivering results)
Feedback (data used for revision/improvement)
Information (result of processing)

Computer System Hierarchy

Hardware: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Peripherals (input/output devices), File (database), Auxiliary Equipment
- CPU: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), Control Unit (CU), Memory (RAM)
Software: Application Software, System Software
- System Software: Operating System, Language Translator (compilers, interpreters), Utility programs

System Configuration Components

Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit (CU)
Primary Storage
Secondary Storage
Input Devices
Output Devices
Communication Devices

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU is the "brain" of the computer system where data manipulation occurs.
It controls computer operations and executes instructions.
Consists of:
- Control Unit (CU): Coordinates and controls other computer components.
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Registers: Temporary storage for data.
Connection buses connect different components of the CPU.

Primary Storage

Stores data and programs during processing, including the operating system.
Key characteristics:
- Capacity: Measured in bytes or words.
- Unit of Transfer: Word length, equal to the number of data lines in/out of the memory module
- Access Time: Time taken to read or write data.
- Transfer Rate: Speed of data transfer in/out of the memory

Types of Internal Memory

ROM (Read Only Memory): Non-volatile memory. Preprogrammed data, cannot be changed.
RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile memory. Data is temporarily stored for processing, can be read from and written to. There are sub-types, such as DRAM and SRAM.
PROM (Programmable ROM): Programmed once, then fixed.
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM): Programmed and erased, reprogrammed.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM): Programmed and erased electrically.

Secondary Storage Devices

Long-term storage of data outside the CPU.
Types include:
- Hard Disk Drives (HDDs): Traditional magnetic storage. Slower and less expensive; offer large capacities.
- Solid State Drives (SSDs): Use flash memory. Faster access speeds and longer life spans than HDDs; generally more expensive
- Hybrid Drives: Combine HDD and SSD technologies (larger capacity, faster access)

Other Storage Devices

USB Flash Drives: Portable storage.

Input Devices

Devices for entering data into the computer system from the outside world; they convert that data into computer coded information and send it to the CPU
- Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Light Pen, Touch Screen

Output Devices

Converts binary data from the CPU to human-readable formats (e.g., display on a screen or print on paper)

Paraphiles Devices

Power Supply Unit: Converts wall outlet power to the types that the computer requires and routes it to other components
Video Card: Controls video output to the monitor.
Sound Card: Handles audio output (speakers/headphones).
Network Card: Allows computer communication over networks, including wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi-Fi).
Bluetooth Card (or Adapter): Enables short-range wireless communication for devices.

What is a Laptop Computer?

A portable personal computer with almost all of the functionality of a desktop.

What is a Mobile Device? –

A general term for handheld computers, including tablets, e-readers, and smartphones

Numbering Systems

Decimal (Base 10): Uses digits 0 through 9.
Binary (Base 2): Uses digits 0 and 1. Represents all data and instructions in computer systems through codes.
Octal (Base 8): Uses digits 0 through 7.
Hexadecimal (Base 16): Uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

Binary Arithmetic

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
Rules need to be followed when carrying out arithmetic operations. (e.g. in binary, 1+1 = 0 with a carry of 1)

Units of Information

BCD (Binary Coded Decimal): Used to represent decimal numbers in binary form.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): Represents characters using 7 bits, enabling data transfer between computers;
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code): Used in IBM mainframes and other similar machines using 8 bits.
Unicode: Represents characters in numerous languages with 16-bit code; handles a large range of characters and provides a more standardized approach to data representation (across many languages)

Software

Software: Detailed instructions controlling computer operation.
Functions of Software:
- Managing computer resources
- Providing tools for users
- Acting as intermediary between organizations and information
Software Program: A series of statements/instructions to a computer.
Programming: The process of writing programs.
Programmers: Individuals who specialise in programming

Types of Software

System Software: Manages computer resources, such as the CPU and peripherals, (operates in the background): includes the operating system and other supporting programs. Examples include compilers and interpreters.
Application Software: Programs written for a specific task (applications that users interact with directly, performing various tasks)

System Software (Components)

Operating System: Manages computer activities and resources (e.g. Windows, macOS, Linux).
Language Translators: Convert programming language to machine language.
Utility Programs: Perform common processing tasks (e.g. file management)

Languages

Machine Language: The language directly understood by the computer; a sequence of binary 1s and 0s.
Assembly Language: Uses symbolic codes (e.g., letters and numbers) instead of binary; Requires an assembler program to translate to machine language.
High-level Languages: Use English-like terms and symbols. Compiled (or interpreted) to machine language by programs.

Program Translators

Assembler: Translates an assembly language program into machine language instructions. There is a one to one correspondence.
Compiler: Translates a high-level language program into machine language instructions in one process (without necessarily immediately executing it). There can be more than one machine instruction per high level instruction and the process of translating is separately from executing the program.
Interpreter: Translates and executes high-level language instructions one at a time.

Operating System

A key software program managing computer resources and communication between hardware and users.
Functions: Process management, Memory management, File management, Security, Command interpretation

Types of Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows
macOS (Macintosh OS)
Linux
Mobile Operating Systems

Logic Gates

Basic building blocks of digital logic. Perform Boolean operations
Basic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR
Each gate is represented as a graphical symbol, an algebraic function, and a truth table.

Flowcharts

Graphical representations of algorithms or processes.
Different symbols (e.g., rectangles for processes, diamonds for decisions) have specific meanings to clarify the steps.

Data Communications

The process of sending data electronically between computers or similar devices.
Important devices: Modems, Infrared devices, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi

Computer Virusses

A program that replicates to another program, computer boot-sector or document.
Types: File Infectors, Boot Sector Virus, Multipartite Viruses, Macro Viruses, Stealth Viruses
Protection measures to prevent viruses:
- Write-protect floppy disks when using them on a different computer
- Remove floppies while booting up a computer
- Install software only from trusted and trusted sources that are written-protected

File Management

Refers to the way data is stored and organized within files; efficient organization and access. Examples include: sequential, index sequential, and random access methods.

Database

Database: A structured assembly of related information managed independently.
Data field: Smallest unit of information;
Database record: A complete set of information fields about a data item

Database Types

Hierarchical
Network
Object-Oriented
Relational

Information system

Combination of information technology, processes, and people to achieve a business objective

Internet

Collection of linked networks delivering data/processing tasks.
Access through Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

World Wide Web

Computer network system for accessing and displaying information globally.
Components: Links, Web browsers, URLs, Home pages, Websites

Electronic Mail

Sending messages electronically via computer networks.
A method for communicating messages electronically through networks

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Mimics human intelligence in machines for tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Examples: Advanced web search engines, natural language processing, self-driving cars, automated decision-making, strategic games

Machine Learning (ML)

Computer algorithms that improve through experimentation with data. ML constructs models for predictions and decisions.
Examples: Computer vision, sketch recognition, speech recognition

Digital Media

Includes various forms of digitized content
Types of digital media include audio, video, social media, advertising, news, etc.
Why is it important?/Uses of Digital Media: Conversion of paper documents to digital form, GPS navigation, entertainment, brand awareness • Different technologies for digital transmission and storage (e.g. cables, satellites).

Desktop and Mobile Applications

Desktop applications: Software programs developed and used mainly on desktop/laptop computers
Mobile applications: Software programs primarily designed for use on mobile devices

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Description

Test your knowledge on essential computer hardware concepts, including the differences between SSDs and HDDs, input and output devices, and the functions of various components like the power supply unit and sound card. This quiz covers fundamental aspects of computer systems, ideal for beginners and tech enthusiasts.