Computer Hardware and Network Evolution
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Questions and Answers

What is the main benefit of technology standards?

  • Faster innovation cycles
  • Improved product quality
  • Unleashing powerful economies of scale and price declines (correct)
  • Increased competition among manufacturers

    • How many main components are there in IT Infrastructure?

  • 5
  • 6
  • 10
  • 7 (correct)

    • What type of servers are stored in racks?

  • Mainframe servers
  • Cloud servers
  • Blade servers (correct)
  • Virtual servers

    • Which company's mainframe is equivalent to thousands of blade servers?

    <p>IBM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of servers run Unix or Linux?

    <p>65%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company provides middleware?

    <p>BEA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the operating system developed by Google?

    <p>Chrome OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of BYOD (Bring your own device)?

    <p>Allowing employees to use personal mobile devices in the workplace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of grid computing?

    <p>Creating a single network of remote computers for combined processing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of netbooks?

    <p>Core tasks and wireless communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of virtualization?

    <p>Running multiple instances of an operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consumerization of IT?

    <p>New information technology emerges in consumer markets first and spreads to business organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of allowing employees to use their personal smartphones for work?

    <p>Reduced company spending on devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between grid computing and virtualization?

    <p>Grid computing connects remote computers, while virtualization creates virtual resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern when deciding whether to allow employees to use their personal smartphones for work?

    <p>The security of company data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of the infrastructure evolution in computing?

    <p>Moore's Law and microprocessing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate at which computing power doubles according to Moore's Law?

    <p>Every 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of nanotubes in electronic devices?

    <p>As a minuscule wire or in ultrasmall electronic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend described by the Law of Mass Digital Storage?

    <p>The amount of data being stored each year doubles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that drives the growth of a network according to Metcalfe's Law?

    <p>The number of network members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of declining communication costs on the Internet?

    <p>It increases the demand for internet access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of the decrease in the price of computing power?

    <p>Moore's Law and microprocessing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted trend of the doubling of transistors on a chip according to Moore's Law?

    <p>The trend will eventually come to an end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of grid computing for corporations?

    <p>Taking advantage of spare computing power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of open-source software?

    <p>It is free and modifiable by users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Java in web development?

    <p>To create small applets for webpages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of virtualization in computing?

    <p>It enables a single resource to act as multiple resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of open-source software?

    <p>OpenOffice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Java that makes it 'processor-independent'?

    <p>It is designed to run on any computer or computing device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a web browser?

    <p>To display webpages and access the web</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a web service trend?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is software outsourcing?

    <p>Contracting outside firms to develop software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Mashups?

    <p>Combining two or more online applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of accessing Cloud-based software services?

    <p>Web browser over Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is scalability in the context of IT infrastructure?

    <p>The ability to expand to serve a larger number of users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary issue in managing platform and infrastructure change?

    <p>Ensuring IT infrastructure is scalable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in decentralized IT infrastructure governance?

    <p>Business unit IT departments make own decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration in determining the amount to spend on IT?

    <p>The decision between renting vs. buying IT infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

    <p>To establish a formal agreement with service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Development in Computer Processing

    • Memory chips, storage devices, telecommunication, and networking software and hardware contribute to the evolution of computer processing.
    • Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 months, leading to a doubling of computing power and a halving of the price of computing every 18 months.

    Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution

    • Law of Mass Digital Storage: the amount of data being stored each year doubles.
    • Metcalfe's Law and network economics: the value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members.

    Declining Communication Costs and the Internet

    • The internet has led to a significant decline in communication costs, with internet speeds increasing dramatically since the 1990s (e.g., from 56 kbps to much faster speeds).

    Standards and Network Effects

    • Technology standards establish the compatibility of products and enable communication in a network, leading to economies of scale and price declines.
    • The absence of standards would lead to compatibility issues and increased costs.

    IT Infrastructure Components

    • The seven main components of IT infrastructure are:
      • Computer hardware platforms (e.g., client machines, servers, mainframes)
      • Operating system platforms (e.g., Unix, Linux, Windows)
      • Enterprise software applications (e.g., SAP, Oracle)
      • Data management and storage
      • Networking/telecommunications platforms
      • Internet platforms
      • Consulting system integration services

    Emerging Mobile Digital Platform

    • The mobile digital platform consists of:
      • Cell phones, smartphones (e.g., iPhone, Android, Blackberry)
      • Netbooks
      • Tablets (e.g., iPad)
      • Networked e-readers (e.g., Kindle, Nook)
    • BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) allows employees to use personal mobile devices in the workplace, leading to the consumerization of IT.

    Grid Computing and Virtualization

    • Grid computing connects geographically remote computers into a single network to combine processing power and create a virtual supercomputer.
    • Virtualization allows a single physical resource to act as multiple resources, reducing hardware and power expenditures.
    • Open-source software is produced by a community of programmers, is free and modifiable, and includes examples like Apache, Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.
    • Linux is an open-source operating system used in mobile devices, local area networks, Web servers, and high-performance computing.
    • Contemporary software trends include software outsourcing, cloud services, and service-oriented architecture (SOA).

    Software for the Web and Mashups

    • Java is a leading interactive programming environment for the web, allowing developers to create small applet programs that can be embedded in web pages.
    • Mashups combine two or more online applications, such as combining mapping software with local content.

    Apps and Dealing with Platform and Infrastructure Change

    • Apps are small pieces of software that run on the internet, on computers, or on cell phones, generally delivered over the internet.
    • Dealing with platform and infrastructure change requires flexibility and scalability, as well as new policies and procedures for managing new platforms and contractual agreements with firms running clouds and distributing software.

    Management and Governance Issues

    • Management and governance issues include:
      • Who controls IT infrastructure?
      • How should IT departments be organized?
      • How are costs allocated between divisions and departments?
      • How much to spend on IT is a complex question.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the development of computer processing, memory, storage, and telecommunication. It also explores the impact of Moore's law, Metcalfe's law, and the economics of networks on the evolution of computer infrastructure.

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