Computer Graphics Lecture 1
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Computer Graphics Lecture 1

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Questions and Answers

What are design problems classified into?

  • Easy or Hard
  • Overdetermined or Underestimated
  • Overdetermined or Underdetermined (correct)
  • Simple or Complex

    • What type of technology was dominant in display devices until recently?

  • Cathode-ray tube (CRT) (correct)
  • Plasma display
  • Liquid crystal display (LCD)
  • Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)

    • What is the purpose of digital to-analog converters in CRTs?

  • To convert the output of the computer to voltages (correct)
  • To amplify the electron beam
  • To regulate the phosphor coating
  • To control the x and y deflection plates

    • What is the primary manner in which a designer works?

    <p>In an iterative manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fields commonly use interactive graphical tools in computer-aided design (CAD)?

    <p>Architecture, Mechanical parts, and VLSI circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of input device, aside from the keyboard?

    <p>Mouse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of modern graphics systems?

    <p>To create realistic 3D images of computer-generated objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of graphical flight simulators?

    <p>Increased safety and reduced training expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic entities required for image formation?

    <p>Object and viewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has dominated our interaction with computers?

    <p>A visual paradigm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the viewer in image formation?

    <p>To view and form an image of the objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do windowing systems such as Microsoft Windows and the Macintosh Operating System differ in?

    <p>Details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for objects to be visible in an image?

    <p>A light source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do millions of people access the Internet?

    <p>Through graphical network browsers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to consider when creating a realistic image of a 3D object?

    <p>Lighting, shading, and material properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of icons are part of the GUI?

    <p>Program icons, Object icons, Menu icons, and Check-Box icons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six major elements in a graphics system?

    <p>Input devices, Central Processing Unit, Graphics Processing Unit, Memory, Frame buffer, Output devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the frame buffer in a graphics system?

    <p>To store the pixels of the image being displayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the number of bits used to represent each pixel in the frame buffer?

    <p>Precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many colors can be represented by a 15-bit frame buffer?

    <p>32,768</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)?

    <p>To take specifications of graphical primitives and assign values to pixels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the smallest unit of a graphical image?

    <p>Pixel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum?

    <p>350 to 780 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a simple graphics system?

    <p>To process graphical primitives and assign values to pixels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the iris in the human visual system?

    <p>To adjust the amount of light entering the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are used to represent each pixel in a full-color system?

    <p>24 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rods in the human visual system?

    <p>To enable vision at low light levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the component of the pinhole camera where the film is placed?

    <p>Film plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four necessary specifications of a camera?

    <p>Position, Orientation, Focal length, Film plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pinhole camera?

    <p>To understand the functioning of cameras and other optical imagers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure where the lens forms an image in the human visual system?

    <p>Retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the resolution of our visual systems?

    <p>The size of the rods and cones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of computer graphics?

    <p>Producing pictures or images using a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the humble beginning of computer graphics?

    <p>Display of a few lines on a cathode ray tube (CRT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major areas can the applications of computer graphics be divided into?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of scientific visualization?

    <p>To interpret the vast quantity of data generated by researchers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of the design process in fields such as engineering and architecture?

    <p>Iterative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mathematical models in scientific visualization?

    <p>To generate data for scientific visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of professions such as engineering and architecture?

    <p>Designing cost-effective solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of real-world problems in design?

    <p>They are rarely specified such that there is a unique optimal solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Computer Graphics

    • Computer graphics is concerned with producing pictures or images using a computer.
    • The field began 50 years ago with the display of a few lines on a cathode ray tube (CRT).
    • Today, we can generate images by computer that are indistinguishable from photographs of real objects.

    Applications of Computer Graphics

    • The applications of computer graphics can be divided into four major areas:
    • Display of Information
    • Design
    • Simulation and Animation
    • User Interfaces

    Display of Information

    • Scientific visualization provides graphical tools to help researchers interpret vast quantities of data.
    • Images generated by converting data to geometric entities have yielded new insights into complex processes.

    Design

    • Computer-aided design (CAD) pervades fields such as architecture, mechanical parts, and VLSI circuits.
    • Design is an iterative process, using interactive graphical tools to generate possible designs, test them, and explore other solutions.

    Simulation and Animation

    • Graphics systems are used as simulators, such as flight simulators, which increase safety and reduce training expenses.
    • Arcade games have also evolved to be as sophisticated as flight simulators.

    User Interface

    • Our interaction with computers has become dominated by a visual paradigm, including windows, icons, menus, and pointing devices.
    • Graphical network browsers, such as Firefox, Chrome, and Safari, use these same interface tools.

    Graphic System

    • A computer graphic system consists of:
    • Input devices
    • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
    • Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
    • Memory
    • Frame buffer
    • Output devices

    Frame Buffer

    • The frame buffer stores the image we see on the output device as an array of pixels.
    • The depth of the frame buffer determines the number of colors that can be represented.

    Pixels

    • Pixels can be either on or off (1-bit bitmap) or represent varying shades of color (using more bits).

    CPU and GPU

    • In a simple system, the CPU does both normal processing and graphical processing.
    • The graphical function of the processor is to assign values to the pixels in the frame buffer.

    Output Devices

    • The dominant type of display was the cathode-ray tube (CRT), but has been replaced by newer technologies.

    Input Devices

    • Most graphics systems provide a keyboard and at least one other input device, such as:
    • Mouse
    • Joystick
    • Data tablet
    • Trackball

    Images: Physical and Synthetic

    • We want to create realistic images of computer-generated three-dimensional objects.
    • This involves image formation, including lighting, shading, and material properties.

    Objects and Viewers

    • Two basic entities are part of any image formation process: Objects and Viewers.
    • Objects are formed by specifying the positions of geometric primitives, such as points, lines, and polygons.
    • The viewer forms an image of the objects.

    Light and Images

    • Light is necessary for objects to be visible.
    • We must indicate how color enters the picture or what the effects of surface properties are.

    Camera System

    • The pinhole camera is a simple imaging system that helps us understand the functioning of cameras and other optical imagers.

    Camera Specifications

    • Camera specifications include:
    • Position
    • Orientation
    • Focal length
    • Film plane

    Human Visual System

    • The human visual system is a complex imaging system with components similar to a camera or microscope.
    • Light enters the eye through the lens and cornea.
    • The lens forms an image on the retina at the back of the eye.
    • Rods and cones on the retina are light sensors and determine the resolution of our visual systems.

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    Description

    Learn about the basics of computer graphics, including output primitives, 2D and 3D transformations, clipping, and rasterization.

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