Computer Generation 3
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Questions and Answers

What is a feature of third generation computers?

  • Were very large in size
  • Consumed lesser electricity (correct)
  • Used mechanical calculators
  • Used vacuum tubes

    • What was used in fourth generation computers?

  • Transistors
  • Mechanical calculators
  • Vacuum tubes
  • VLSI technology (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a feature of third generation computers?

  • Were very large in size (correct)
  • Were more reliable
  • Generated less heat
  • Used IC

    • What was introduced in fourth generation computers?

    <p>The concept of internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a programming language used in third generation computers?

    <p>COBOL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of fourth generation computers?

    <p>Were portable and reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a third generation computer?

    <p>IBM-370/168</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of third generation computers?

    <p>Were smaller in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical use of a megabyte?

    <p>Calculating the size of documents and media files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many megabytes are in a gigabyte?

    <p>1024 megabyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of BIOS?

    <p>To control the computer's basic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is BIOS typically stored?

    <p>Read Only Memory (ROM) on the motherboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a terabyte commonly used for?

    <p>Storing large databases and video collections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many gigabytes are in a terabyte?

    <p>1024 gigabytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of software is BIOS?

    <p>System software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is BIOS activated?

    <p>When the computer is turned on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a projector?

    <p>To project output onto a screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a printer?

    <p>It can produce tangible copies of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of printer is known for its impact printing mechanism?

    <p>Dot Matrix printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a Daisy Wheel printer?

    <p>It is noisy and slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hammer in a Daisy Wheel printer?

    <p>To hit the ink ribbon against the paper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a projector?

    <p>To give presentations or teach a large number of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of printers?

    <p>To generate tangible copies for record-keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the printer that uses a wheel with spokes to print characters?

    <p>Daisy Wheel printer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was DVD primarily used for?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a port in a computer?

    <p>A physical docking point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary use of PS/2 port?

    <p>Connecting old computer keyboards and mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of data transfer in USB port?

    <p>12 megabits per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects a monitor to a computer's video card?

    <p>VGA port</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plug is used to connect a computer's power cable?

    <p>Three-pronged plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Firewire port?

    <p>Transferring large amounts of data at very fast speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Modem port?

    <p>Connecting a PC's modem to the telephone network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Operating System?

    <p>To act as an interface between the software and the computer hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an objective of an Operating System?

    <p>To make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of an Operating System?

    <p>Memory Management is used to track the primary memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Operating System manage?

    <p>Both the hardware and software resources of a computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an Operating System in managing resources?

    <p>To keep track of who is using which resource, granting resource requests, and mediating conflicting requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Operating System in managing processor resources?

    <p>To allocate the processor to a process and deallocates the processor when it is no longer required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Operating System responsible for in terms of memory management?

    <p>Keeping track of the primary memory and allocating it when requested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an Operating System in providing efficient and fair sharing of resources?

    <p>To provide efficient and fair sharing of resources among users and programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)

    • Used remote processing, time-sharing, and multi-programming operating systems
    • Featured high-level programming languages such as FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, and ALGOL-68
    • Characteristics:
      • Integrated circuits (IC) used
      • More reliable compared to previous generations
      • Smaller in size
      • Generated less heat
      • Faster
      • Required lesser maintenance
      • Costly
      • Required AC
      • Consumed lesser electricity
      • Supported high-level languages
    • Examples of third generation computers: IBM-360 series, Honeywell-6000 series, PDP (Personal Data Processor), IBM-370/168, and TDC-316

    Fourth Generation Computers (1971-1980)

    • Used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits
    • Featured real-time, time-sharing, and distributed operating systems
    • Characterized by:
      • VLSI technology used
      • Very cheap
      • Portable and reliable
      • Use of personal computers
      • Very small size
      • Pipeline processing
      • No AC required
      • Concept of internet was introduced
      • Great developments in networks
      • Computers became easily available
    • Examples of fourth generation computers: DEC 10, STAR 1000, PDP 11, CRAY-1 (Super Computer)

    Output Devices

    Projector

    • Projects output onto a screen using light and lenses
    • Ideal for presentations or teaching large groups

    Printer

    • Produces hard copies of processed data
    • Enables users to print images, text, or other information onto paper
    • Types of printers:
      • Daisy Wheel Printer
      • Dot Matrix Printer

    Daisy Wheel Printer

    • Invented by David S. Lee at Diablo Data Systems
    • Features a wheel or disk with spokes or extensions resembling a daisy
    • Has molded metal characters at the end of extensions
    • Prints characters by rotating the wheel and striking the ink ribbon against the paper
    • Cannot print graphics, slow, and noisy, hence obsolete

    Dot Matrix Printer

    • An impact printer that prints characters and images using patterns of dots
    • Uses a print head with pins to produce dots on paper
    • Widely used for storing and viewing movies and distributing software programs
    • Also known for its ability to store large files and programs

    Ports

    PS/2 Port

    • Used for old computer keyboards and mice
    • Also known as the mouse port
    • Typically found on older computers, with two PS/2 ports each for the mouse and keyboard

    Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port

    • Can connect various external USB devices such as hard drives, printers, scanners, mice, and keyboards
    • Introduced in 1997
    • Minimum of two USB ports found on most computers
    • Data travels at 12 megabits per second
    • USB compliant devices can draw power from the USB port

    VGA Port

    • Connects a monitor to a computer's video card
    • Has 15 holes, similar to a serial port connector but with holes instead of pins

    Power Connector

    • A three-pronged plug that connects to the computer's power cable and a power bar or wall socket

    Firewire Port

    • Transfers large amounts of data at high speeds
    • Connects camcorders and video equipment to computers
    • Data travels at 400 to 800 megabits per second
    • Invented by Apple
    • Has three variants: 4-Pin FireWire 400 connector, 6-Pin FireWire 400 connector, and 9-Pin FireWire 800 connector

    Modem Port

    • Connects a PC's modem to the telephone network

    Data Measurement Units

    Megabyte

    • A unit of measurement for data storage
    • Frequently used to calculate the size of documents, software packages, and media files
    • Still an important and commonly used unit of measurement

    Gigabyte

    • Contains 1024 megabytes
    • Has a considerable data storage capacity
    • Often used to measure the storage capacity of hard drives, solid-state drives, and other data storage devices
    • Commonly used to describe the size of multimedia files and the demand for large amounts of storage

    Terabyte

    • Contains 1024 gigabytes
    • Represents a huge data storage capacity
    • Often used in large databases, video collections, and enterprise-level storage systems
    • Becoming increasingly significant due to the growing need for large-scale data processing and storage

    BIOS

    • Stands for Basic Input Output System
    • A type of system software stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) on the motherboard or flash memory in advanced systems
    • The first software to activate when a computer is turned on

    Operating System

    Introduction

    • Acts as an interface between software and computer hardware
    • An integrated set of specialized programs used to manage overall resources and operations of a computer
    • Controls and monitors the execution of all other programs that reside in the computer

    Objectives of Operating System

    • Make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner
    • Hide hardware resource details from users
    • Provide users with a convenient interface to use the computer system
    • Act as an intermediary between the hardware and its users
    • Manage resources of a computer system
    • Keep track of who is using which resource, granting resource requests, and mediating conflicting requests from different programs and users
    • Provide efficient and fair sharing of resources among users and programs

    Functions of Operating System

    • Memory Management: keeps track of primary memory usage and allocates memory to programs
    • Processor Management: allocates the processor (CPU) to a process and deallocates when no longer required

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of the third generation of computers, including their features, programming languages, and operating systems.

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