Computer Fundamentals Quiz

Definition

A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs calculations at high speed.

Components

Hardware
- Physical parts of a computer.
- Main components:
  - Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer; executes instructions.
  - Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and programs currently in use.
  - Storage: Long-term data storage (e.g., Hard Drive, SSD).
  - Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components.
  - Input Devices: Tools to input data (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  - Output Devices: Tools to present data (e.g., monitor, printer).
Software
- Programs and operating systems that run on hardware.
- Types:
  - System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
  - Application Software: Programs that perform specific tasks (e.g., word processors, games).

Types of Computers

Personal Computers (PCs): General-purpose computers for individual use.
Laptops: Portable computers with integrated components.
Tablets: Touchscreen devices, often more portable than laptops.
Servers: Powerful systems designed to manage network resources and provide services.
Supercomputers: Highly advanced and fast computers for complex computations.
Embedded Systems: Specialized computers integrated into other devices (e.g., appliances, cars).

Functions

Process and store information.
Perform calculations and data analysis.
Facilitate communication (e.g., email, messaging).
Run applications for various tasks (e.g., gaming, design, research).

History

1940s-1950s: Development of early computers (e.g., ENIAC).
1960s-1970s: Introduction of microprocessors and personal computers.
1980s-1990s: Widespread adoption of PCs; rise of the internet.
2000s-Present: Growth of mobile computing and cloud services.

Modern Trends

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Integration of AI in software and applications.
Cloud Computing: Storage and processing power provided over the internet.
Internet of Things (IoT): Interconnected devices allowing for data exchange.
Cybersecurity: Growing focus on protecting data and systems from threats.

Key Terms

Binary Code: The basic language of computers, consisting of 0s and 1s.
Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure for calculations and data processing.
Network: A group of interconnected computers that share resources.

Conclusion

Computers are essential tools in modern society, impacting daily life, business, and technology. Understanding their components and functionality is crucial for navigating the digital world.

ସଂଜ୍ଞା

କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର ଏକ ଇଲେକ୍ଟ୍ରୋନିକ୍ ଉପକରଣ, ଯାହା ତଥ୍ୟକୁ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା କରେ ଏବଂ ଶୀଘ୍ର ଗଣନା କରେ।

ଉପକରଣଗୁଡିକ

ହାର୍ଡୱେୟାର: କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ଭୌତିକ ଭାଗଗୁଡିକ।
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ମଣିଷ; ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶଗୁଡିକୁ ନିଷ୍ପାଦନ କରେ।
- Memory (RAM): ଏହା ତାତ୍କାଳିକ ସ୍ଥାନ, ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କର୍ମରତ ତଥ୍ୟ ଏବଂ କାର୍ୟକଳାପ ସଞ୍ଚୟ ହୁଏ।
- Storage: ଦୀର୍ଘକାଳୀନ ତଥ୍ୟ ସଞ୍ଚୟ (ଯଥା: Hard Drive, SSD)।
- Motherboard: ସମସ୍ତ ଉପକରଣଗୁଡିକୁ ସଂଯୋଗ କରିଥିବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ ସର୍କିଟ୍ ବୋର୍ଡ୍।
- Input Devices: ତଥ୍ୟ ଇନପୁଟ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଉପକରଣ (ଯଥା: କୀବୋର୍ଡ, ମାଉସ)।
- Output Devices: ତଥ୍ୟ ଦେଖାଇବା ପାଇଁ ଉପକରଣ (ଯଥା: ମୋନିଟର, ପ୍ରିନ୍ଟର)।
ସଫ୍ଟୱେୟାର: ହାର୍ଡୱେୟାରରେ ଚାଲୁଥିବା କାର୍ୟକ୍ରମ ଏବଂ ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମଗୁଡିକ।
- System Software: ଅପରେଟିଙ୍ଗ୍ ସିଷ୍ଟମଗୁଡିକ (ଯଥା: Windows, macOS, Linux)।
- Application Software: ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ କାର୍ୟ ସାଧନ କରୁଥିବା କାର୍ୟକ୍ରମ (ଯଥା: ଶବ୍ଦ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାକାରୀ, ଗେମ୍ସ)।

କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟରର ପ୍ରକାର

Personal Computers (PCs): ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ସାଧାରଣ ଉପକରଣ।
Laptops: ଏକତ୍ରିତ ଉପକରଣସହିତ ପୋର୍ଟେବୁଲ୍ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର।
Tablets: ଛୁଇଁଯାଉଥିବା ଉପକରଣ, ଯାହା ଲ୍ୟାପ୍ଟୱିକଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ପୋର୍ଟେବୁଲ୍।
Servers: ନେଟ୍‌ୱର୍କ ସାଧନଗୁଡିକୁ ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ।
Supercomputers: ଜଟିଳ ଗଣନା ପାଇଁ ଅତ୍ୟାଧୁନିକ ଏବଂ ଶୀଘ୍ର କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର।
Embedded Systems: ଅନ୍ୟ ଉପକରଣଗୁଡିକରେ ସଂଯୋଜିତ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ କମ୍ପ୍ୟୁଟର (ଯଥା: ଉପକରଣ, କାର)।