Computer Forensics Chapter 7 Quiz

Existing laws like Title 18 address cybercrimes like fraud, terrorism, child exploitation, and stalking.

Federal laws, mainly Title 18, cover a wide range of cybercrimes, including fraud, terrorism, child exploitation, and more.

Limited resources in smaller agencies, previously limited attention to non-violent crime, and slow legislative action.

Using unauthorized access to financial information or systems to commit crimes.

Federal law covering a wide range of criminal offences, which includes many cybercrimes.

A US law that addresses computer-related crimes, initially focusing on unauthorized computer access but later expanded to cover commercial and communication use, and financial records. It also focused on intentional, not accidental, intrusions.

A section of US Federal law dealing with credit card fraud and software piracy, relevant to cybercrime.

A section of US Federal law that addresses copyright infringement, relevant to cybercrime.

A notable figure in early cybercrime prosecutions, convicted of computer theft.

A figure in early cybercrime prosecutions known for creating the Morris Worm.

The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998 makes it a federal crime to possess, transfer, or use someone else's personal identifying information without permission.

ITADA defines identifying information as anything that can be used to verify someone's identity, including their name, social security number, date of birth, driver's license number, passport number, employer ID, unique biometric data like fingerprints, and specific electronic identification codes.

ITADA makes it illegal to use someone else's identifying information to commit or aid in any unlawful activity, whether it's a federal crime, state felony, or local felony.

The ITADA allows victims of identity theft to receive restitution for financial losses, attorney's fees, time lost from work, and credit denial caused by the crime.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was designated as the central point for consumer complaints and information dissemination related to identity theft under the ITADA.

ITADA includes unique biometric data, such as fingerprints, voice prints, retina or iris images, or other unique physical representations, as part of identifying information.

Under ITADA, telecommunication identifying information or access devices are considered protected information.

The National Information Infrastructure Act of 1996 addressed legal loopholes in the CFAA by expanding the scope to cover accidental intrusions, offenses using computers, and scenarios where computer data is not the primary target.

NIIPA expanded the CFAA to include offenses related to transmitting classified government information, obtaining information from sensitive sources, affecting government computer systems, related fraud, malicious programming, password trafficking, and extortion.

Laws tackling child pornography have evolved through piecemeal legislation and Supreme Court rulings, reflecting changing societal attitudes and technological advancements.

This Supreme Court case ruled that child pornography is not protected by the First Amendment's free speech provisions, establishing a foundation for future legislation.

This act was later supplanted by the Child Protection & Obscenity Act (1988), reflecting the ongoing evolution of legal approaches to child pornography.

This law aimed to outlaw virtual child pornography, including altered images and cartoons, but was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court struck down the CPPA in this case, ruling that its broad definition of child pornography violated the First Amendment.

Laws combating child pornography have evolved through legislation and judicial decisions, balancing free speech rights with child protection, and adapting to technology.

Existing laws, often under Title 18, cover a range of computer-related criminal acts like fraud, terrorism, child exploitation, and stalking.

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, a law used to combat organized crime, can be applied to cybercrime, especially when there's evidence of a pattern of criminal activity.

A 1996 law addressing loopholes in the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), broadening its scope to include accidental computer intrusions, offenses using computers, and cases where computer data is not the primary target. It also covered crimes related to classified government information, financial institutions, and government computers.

A federal law, replacing the earlier Child Protection Act of 1984, targeting child pornography. It's a key step in the evolution of legislation to combat child sexual exploitation.

ITADA includes unique biometric data, such as fingerprints, voice prints, retina or iris images, or other unique physical representations, as part of identifying information that is protected.

A law passed in 2003 that strengthened protections for children by imposing stricter penalties for child sex offenders, requiring background checks for volunteers, and expanding law enforcement tools.

The PROTECT Act outlawed computer-generated child pornography, but this is still being challenged in court. It's a legal gray area.

The Miller test, used to determine obscenity, is also applied to child pornography. Material is deemed obscene if it depicts minors in sexually explicit situations or activities.

The PROTECT Act significantly increased penalties for possessing and distributing child pornography, including fines and prison sentences up to 30 years.

The CPPA was overturned because the Supreme Court ruled that it violated the First Amendment by criminalizing images that weren't real, including cartoons and computer-generated images.

This group challenged the CPPA, arguing that it criminalized images that were protected by the First Amendment, as they were not real.

Laws regarding child pornography have evolved over time to keep up with technological changes and changing societal views. Penalties have become much stricter.

The National Information Infrastructure Act (NIIPA) broadened the scope of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) to cover accidental intrusions, offenses using computers, and cases where computer data is not the primary target.

The PROTECT Act passed in 2003 to strengthen child protection by imposing stricter penalties for child sex offenders, requiring background checks for volunteers, and expanding law enforcement tools.

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) originally emphasized unauthorized access to computer systems, especially those related to financial information and government computers. It wasn't as effective as it could be because it was too vague and overemphasized financial access.

A famous early cybercriminal who was convicted for crimes involving theft of computer programs and manipulation of telecommunications systems. His case is considered a significant landmark in cybercrime prosecution.

Two supplemental federal laws that address cybercrime: Title 15 covers credit card fraud and software piracy, while Title 17 focuses on copyright infringement.

A figure in early cybercrime prosecutions who is best known for creating the Morris Worm, which caused widespread damage to computer systems. His case highlighted the potential for malicious software to cause significant disruption.

This 2004 law established stricter penalties for aggravated identity theft, including mandatory sentences.

Passed in 2008, this law broadened the consequences of identity theft, making it tougher for criminals.

This law prevents the misuse of personal information from driver's licenses, like social security numbers, for unauthorized purposes.

HIPAA protects health information and Social Security numbers from unauthorized disclosure by healthcare organizations.

This group, formed to address cybercrime, brought together businesses, government, and civil liberty groups to analyze Internet crime.

One approach to online criminal activity is to regulate it similarly to traditional crimes, using existing laws.

Investigating and prosecuting cybercrime presents unique challenges, like tool development, training, and international cooperation.

ITADA defines identifying information as anything that can be used to verify someone's identity, including their name, social security number, date of birth, driver's license number, passport number, employer ID, unique biometric data like fingerprints, and specific electronic identification codes.

ITADA includes unique biometric data, such as fingerprints, voice prints, retina or iris images, or other unique physical representations, as part of identifying information that is protected.

Under ITADA, telecommunication identifying information or access devices are considered protected information.

The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998.

Title 18 of the U.S. Code covers a wide range of cybercrimes, including fraud, terrorism, child exploitation, stalking, and more.

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 is a key US law regarding computer-related crimes. It was initially focused on unauthorized access to computers but later expanded to cover commercial and communication use, as well as financial records.

The National Information Infrastructure Act of 1996 expanded the scope of the CFAA to include accidental intrusions, offenses involving computers, and cases where computer data wasn't the primary target. It also dealt with sensitive government information, financial institutions, and government computer systems.

The Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998 makes it a federal crime to possess, transfer, or use someone else's identifying information without permission.

This law, also known as Gramm-Leach-Bliley, established the Financial Privacy Rule and Safeguards Rule, requiring financial institutions to protect consumer information and provide them with privacy choices.

Part of the Financial Modernization Act, it requires financial institutions to disclose their privacy practices and allow customers to "opt-out" of sharing certain personal information.

Another part of the Financial Modernization Act, it requires financial institutions to implement security measures to protect customer information.

This law aims to protect consumers from identity theft by providing them with free credit reports, fraud alerts, and other safeguards. It also addresses "dumpster diving" by requiring truncation of credit card and Social Security numbers.

FACTA includes provisions like free credit reports, fraud and active duty alerts, truncation of credit/debit account numbers (to address dumpster-diving), truncation of Social Security numbers, one-call fraud alerts, and enhanced victim resolution processes.

The PROTECT Act outlawed computer-generated (virtual) child pornography, even if the images depict fictional scenarios. However, this remains a controversial topic in legal circles, as some argue it violates free speech rights.

The Miller standard, used to determine obscenity in general, also extends to child pornography. Under this standard, material depicting minors in sexually explicit situations or activities is considered obscene, even if it involves fictional characters.

The Free Speech Coalition argued that the CPPA (Child Pornography Protection Act) was too broad, criminalizing even virtual child pornography that didn't involve actual children, thereby violating the First Amendment's free speech provisions.

A Presidential Decision Directive issued in 1998 that led to the creation of the National Infrastructure Protection Center's (NIPC) Infragard program, aiming to bring together local leaders, corporate executives, and law enforcement to discuss potential threats.

A technique that uses statistical models, algorithms, and/or artificial intelligence to analyse large datasets, looking for patterns and connections in events, classifications, clustering of unknown facts, and forecasting future activities.

A program initiated under PDD 63 as part of the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) to bring together local leaders, corporate executives, and law enforcement to discuss potential threats to critical infrastructure.

Software tools used for network monitoring and analysis. They capture and analyze data packets that flow over a network, allowing for identification of network traffic patterns, potential security threats, and troubleshooting issues.

Software or hardware used to record every keystroke made on a computer. They capture sensitive information like passwords, usernames, and other confidential data.