Computer Engineering Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a data transmission system?

  • Protocol
  • Receiver
  • Frequency (correct)
  • Sender

In what network topology are all devices connected to a central hub or switch?

  • Star topology (correct)
  • Mesh topology
  • Ring topology
  • Bus topology

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Big Data?

  • Velocity
  • Variety
  • Volume
  • Veracity (correct)

What is the role of AI in industrial automation, as described in the text?

<p>Predicting equipment failures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using AI in healthcare, according to the text?

<p>Improving patient outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of networking in modern computer engineering?

<p>Facilitating communication and collaboration among devices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does networking support distributed systems in computer engineering?

<p>By allowing multiple computers to work together on tasks, splitting them into smaller parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of network security in computer engineering?

<p>It ensures the integrity of data transmitted over the network by preventing unauthorized access and modification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of cloud computing?

<p>The need for physical infrastructure on-premises for resource utilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

<p>AWS EC2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

<p>Platforms for developing and deploying applications, including tools and infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of Software as a Service (SaaS)?

<p>Slack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "redundancy and fault tolerance" refer to in the context of computer engineering?

<p>The use of multiple components to ensure continued operation even if one component fails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wireless technology is known for its mobility and ease of installation?

<p>Bluetooth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bits and bytes?

<p>1 byte is equal to 8 bits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of 5G networks?

<p>High-speed mobile data support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) primarily offers which benefit?

<p>Centralized control through software (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a nibble in terms of data storage?

<p>4 bits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of software engineering?

<p>Designing software systems with a systematic, engineering-based approach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor contributing to the software crisis?

<p>Rapid advancements in hardware technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered a 'bespoke' software product?

<p>A custom inventory management system built for a specific company (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CASE tools in software engineering?

<p>They provide automated or semi-automated support for software engineering methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which engineering function focuses on the manufacturing and assembly components of a product?

<p>Production and Testing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of engineering ethics?

<p>To outline the responsibilities of engineers to various stakeholders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a typical career path for an engineer?

<p>Pursuing a career in the legal profession (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these engineering disciplines is NOT directly involved in software development?

<p>Chemical Engineering (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of 'Methods' in software engineering?

<p>Providing a standardized approach to software design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which engineering function is responsible for exploring and applying new scientific principles?

<p>Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'CASE' stand for in software engineering?

<p>Computer-Aided Software Engineering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is NOT a benefit of studying engineering?

<p>Guaranteed high-paying career opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between 'generic' and 'bespoke' software products?

<p>Generic software is sold to multiple customers, while bespoke software is developed for one specific customer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a common challenge faced by software engineers?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these engineering functions is primarily responsible for optimizing the use of resources?

<p>Management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of engineering consultants?

<p>To provide specialized engineering services to clients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of collaborative robots (cobots) in an industrial setting?

<p>Cobots are designed to work alongside humans, enhancing productivity and efficiency in various tasks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a central concern related to the rise of robotics and automation in various industries?

<p>The possibility of job displacement for workers whose tasks can be efficiently automated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the tech industry, what is the role of technopreneurs?

<p>To identify technological gaps or needs and develop solutions through startups or companies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of technology-driven businesses that contributes to economic growth?

<p>Their fast rate of growth and job creation, driving economic development and creating new industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary skillset that engineers bring to the technology sector?

<p>Expertise in market analysis and understanding of consumer behavior to drive product development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of the collaboration between engineers and business leaders in the technology sector?

<p>To ensure seamless integration of technological solutions with business objectives and market needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a business model in the technology industry?

<p>To create a structured framework for generating, delivering, and capturing value for the company. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key driver of innovation in the context of technopreneurship?

<p>The collaboration between engineers and business leaders to ensure technological solutions are aligned with market needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ethical responsibility that engineers must consider when developing new technologies?

<p>To ensure that their innovations do not have detrimental effects on society or the environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common challenge that companies in the technology industry face?

<p>The need to differentiate themselves through unique value propositions to stand out in a competitive market. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of moral sensibility in engineering?

<p>The ability to identify social and ethical issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moral analysis skills in engineering primarily involve what?

<p>Analyzing moral problems using factual and value-based perspectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does moral creativity refer to in the context of engineering?

<p>Thinking of different action options amidst conflicting moral values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moral judgment skills enable an engineer to do what?

<p>Provide moral assessments based on various ethical frameworks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the engineering profession, moral decision-making skills involve the ability to:

<p>Reflect on ethical theories to make informed choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Moral augmentation skills are essential for engineers because they enable them to:

<p>Justify their engineering decisions in a social context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that defines engineering as a profession?

<p>It requires discretion and judgment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these inventions is associated with negative outcomes due to engineering practices?

<p>Sarin Gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of moral responsibility in engineering emphasizes:

<p>The need to meet public and ethical obligations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common theme is seen in the inventions listed that went wrong?

<p>They resulted from ethical negligence in engineering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Predictive Maintenance

The use of AI to predict when machinery will fail, minimizing downtime and maximizing efficiency.

Bus Topology

A type of network where all devices are connected to a single cable.

Star Topology

A network where all devices connect to a central hub.

Ring Topology

A network where devices are connected in a loop.

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Mesh Topology

A network where every device is connected to every other device.

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String Concatenation

Combining two or more strings together to form a longer string.

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System Software

A type of software that controls and manages the basic operations of a computer, like managing memory and handling input/output.

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Storing Numbers

Refers to the representation of characters using a series of 8 binary digits (bits).

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Byte

A unit of digital information consisting of 8 bits.

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5G Networks

A high-speed mobile network technology offering faster data transmission and low latency.

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Moral Sensibility

The ability to identify ethical dilemmas related to technology.

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Moral Analysis Skills

The skill of analyzing moral problems in terms of facts, values, stakeholders, and their interests.

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Moral Creativity

The ability to brainstorm different solutions for actions that involve conflicting values.

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Moral Judgment Skills

The skill of making a moral judgment based on different ethical theories or frameworks.

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Moral Decision-Making Skills

The ability to reflect on different ethical theories and frameworks to make a decision.

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Moral Augmentation Skills

The ability to morally justify one’s actions and to discuss and evaluate them with other engineers and non-engineers.

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Engineering Profession

A profession that fulfills essential needs, requires specialized knowledge and skills, and has a strong sense of community.

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Scientist

Focusing on expanding knowledge and understanding physical processes.

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Engineer

Applying mathematical and scientific knowledge to create practical solutions.

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Inventions that Went Bad

It can be used for good or evil, but its potential for harm highlights the importance of ethical considerations in technological development.

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Fault Tolerance

The ability of a system to continue operating even if some components fail.

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Redundancy

A way of providing multiple paths for data to travel, ensuring that even if one path fails, others can still carry the data.

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Communication

The ability of a computer system to communicate with other devices and systems.

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Distributed Systems

A collection of interconnected computers that work together to perform a single task or set of tasks.

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Cloud Computing

A type of distributed system where resources like storage, processing power, and networks are provided over the internet.

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IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

A cloud computing model that provides virtualized computing resources like servers and storage.

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PaaS (Platform as a Service)

A cloud computing model that provides platforms for developing and deploying applications.

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SaaS (Software as a Service)

A cloud computing model that delivers software applications over the internet.

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Software Engineering

A systematic approach to developing software, aiming for efficient and high-quality products.

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Software Crisis

Issues faced in the software development process, often due to complex requirements, insufficient training, or resource constraints.

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Bespoke Software

Software created for a specific customer with unique requirements, tailored to their exact needs.

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Generic Software

Software designed to be used by a wide range of customers, suitable for various needs.

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Software Engineers

Individuals who use their technical expertise and knowledge to design, develop, and maintain software systems.

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Software Engineering Methods

A set of methods, tools, and processes used by software engineers to plan, design, develop, and test software.

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Software Engineering Tools

Software tools that provide automated support for software engineering methods, like integrated development environments (IDEs).

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Computer-aided Software Engineering (CASE)

The use of software tools that support all stages of software development, including design, coding, testing, and documentation.

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Engineering Ethics

A branch of applied ethics that focuses on the professional responsibilities and conduct of engineers.

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Studying Engineering

The study of engineering principles and their application in various technical fields.

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Corporate Ladder

A career path where engineers work in a company, progressing through different levels of responsibility.

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Independent Entrepreneur

A career path for engineers who work independently and are responsible for their projects and businesses.

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Military or Government

A career path for engineers working for the military or government, specializing in areas like defense or public projects.

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Creativity in Engineering

The ability to design and develop innovative solutions, often involving the use of technology.

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Engineering Construction

The process of building and assembling components into a complete product.

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Technopreneurship

Entrepreneurship focused on technology. Individuals identify gaps or needs and build companies or startups to create solutions.

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Technopreneurs

Individuals who spot opportunities in the tech world, build companies, and launch startups using their tech skills.

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Impact of Technopreneurship on Economic Growth

Technology-driven businesses, such as software companies or AI startups, often grow rapidly, create jobs, and boost the economy.

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Technopreneurship's Role in Innovation

Technopreneurship fuels innovation by pushing the boundaries in fields like AI, IoT, and machine learning, leading to new solutions and products.

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Business Model

A plan that outlines how a company generates value, distributes its products or services, and makes money.

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Collaborative Robots (Cobots)

Robots designed to work alongside humans, often in factories, to increase efficiency and productivity.

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Autonomous Drones

Drones equipped with autonomy, capable of performing tasks like surveillance, delivery, and industrial inspections without human control.

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Engineers as Innovators

Engineers are often key players in driving technological innovation, creating new products and services, and pushing the boundaries of what's possible.

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Leadership Roles of Engineers in Tech Companies

Tech companies often need engineers to lead teams through product development and guide them through the process of innovation.

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Ethical Responsibilities of Engineers

Engineers must be aware of ethical implications of their work, especially in emerging fields like AI, ensuring their innovations benefit society and don't cause harm.

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Study Notes

Computer Engineering Disciplines

  • Computer engineers develop and operate computer systems, focusing on the link between hardware and software.
  • Computer scientists develop computer programs and focus on data and algorithms.
  • Computer engineers often work in enterprises as software engineers, programmers, software developers, or project managers.
  • Computer software engineers design, develop, and test software, and may build or maintain computer networks.

Greatest Computer Engineers

  • Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web.
  • Dennis Ritchie invented the C programming language.
  • Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel.
  • Donald Knuth is known as the "Father of Algorithms".
  • James Gosling created the Java programming language.

Computer Hardware Fundamentals

  • Computer architecture includes Von Neumann and Harvard architectures, CPUs, memory (RAM, ROM, cache), storage (HDD, SSD, NVMe), and peripherals/I/O devices (keyboard, mouse, display).
  • The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the most crucial component, consisting of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit.
  • Main memory stores active programs, with RAM being volatile and ROM non-volatile.
  • I/O devices handle input (data) and output (information).
  • Storage devices, such as HDDs and SSDs, store data persistently.
  • Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) handle graphical processing.
  • Cooling systems, like fans, are essential for managing heat.

Evolution of Computing Systems and Processors

  • Early mechanical devices, including the abacus and Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, pre-date electronic computers.
  • Herman Hollerith's punch card system marked an early form of data automation.
  • First-generation computers (1940s-1950s) used vacuum tubes, were large, power-hungry, and unreliable. Examples include ENIAC and UNIVAC I.
  • Second-generation computers (1950s-1960s) used transistors, introduced by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, resulting in smaller, more reliable, and faster machines like the IBM 1401 and DEC PDP-1.
  • Third-generation computers (1960s-1970s) utilized integrated circuits (ICs), or microchips. The IBM System/360 and Intel 4004 microprocessor are examples.
  • Fourth-generation computers (1970s-1980s) relied on microprocessors, marking the start of personal computers (PCs). Examples include the Intel 8080 processor and Apple II.
  • Fifth-generation computers (1990s-present) feature multi-core architecture, leading to parallel processing and increased clock speeds. Intel Pentium series, AMD Athlon and Intel Core series, and Apple M1 chip are examples.

Embedded Systems

  • Embedded systems are a combination of hardware and software designed for specific functions.
  • Types of embedded systems include real-time (hard and soft), standalone, networked, and mobile systems.
  • Embedded systems components include microcontrollers or microprocessors, memory, input/output interfaces, timers, and power supplies.
  • Software components include firmware, real-time operating systems (RTOS), and device drivers.
  • Embedded systems face challenges in power efficiency, real-time requirements, security, scalability, and cost.

Software Development

  • Software development involves creating, designing, testing, and maintaining software.
  • Key phases include requirement analysis, design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, and maintenance.
  • Tools include IDEs (integrated development environments), version control systems, and programming languages.

Operating Systems

  • Operating systems manage hardware and software resources and provide common services for computer programs.
  • Types of operating systems include real-time operating systems (RTOS) and general-purpose operating systems.
  • Key functions include process management, memory management, file system management, device management, and security.

Networking

  • Computer networks interconnect devices, sharing resources and data using communication protocols.
  • Network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh.
  • Wired networks use physical cables, while wireless networks employ radio waves.
  • The Internet is the world's largest public wide area network (WAN) that enables services like email, web browsing, and cloud storage.

Emerging Technologies

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) enable machines to learn from data.
  • Big data refers to large volumes of structured and unstructured data generated from diverse sources.
  • Cloud computing offers on-demand computing resources like storage, processing power, and networking over the internet.

Ethical Considerations

  • Ethical issues in computing and engineering involve considerations of privacy, data security, AI and automation, cybersecurity, environmental impact, and professional conduct, including those outlined by professional organizations like IEEE and ACM.
  • Legal aspects and intellectual property rights, such as trademarks, copyrights, and patents, must be understood and respected.

Business Models

  • Common business models in technology include SaaS (Software as a Service), freemium, e-commerce, and platform models.
  • Revenue streams in tech often include subscriptions, transaction fees, and advertising.
  • Innovation is crucial for startups, emphasizing agility, risk-taking, and collaboration.

Professional Organizations

  • Professional organizations such as the IEEE and ACM provide networking, career development, and access to industry knowledge.
  • Certifications validate skills and expertise.

Engineering Ethics

  • Engineering ethics examines and sets standards for engineers' obligations to the public, their clients, employers, and the profession.
  • Engineers have responsibilities to ensure safety, privacy, and welfare with regards to technology developments.

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in computer engineering, including the roles of computer engineers and scientists, significant figures in the field, and basic hardware fundamentals. Test your knowledge on computer architectures, software development, and the pioneers who shaped the industry.

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