Computer Components and Connectivity

Study Notes

A computer is an electronic device that manages, stores, processes and retrieves information (data).
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) processes instructions from software and performs calculations to carry out tasks. It controls all other components in the system.
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a temporary storage that holds data and programs currently used. It enables quick access, speeding up tasks like opening applications.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD) provide long-term storage for data, programs, and operating systems.

Serial Port connects a computer to peripheral devices.
Parallel Port connects a computer to peripheral devices.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) connects a computer to peripheral devices.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter connects SCSI devices, such as hard drives or tape drives to a computer.
Adapter Cards add controllers for specific devices or replace malfunctioning ports.
Network Interface Card (NIC) connects a computer to a network using a network cable.
Wireless NIC connects a computer to a network using radio frequencies.
Sound Adapter provides audio capability.
Video Adapter provides graphic capability.
Capture card sends video signals to a computer to record them to the computer's hard drive with video capture software.
TV Tuner card allows watching and recording television signals on a PC by connecting a cable television, satellite, or antenna to the installed tuner card.
Modem adapter connects a computer to the internet using a phone line.

Computers boast accuracy as they calculate numbers and values quickly and accurately.
Reliability is another key feature as computers do not need any motivation to perform tasks.
Storage is a crucial aspect, as computers can store data for future access.
Adaptability allows them to replace various specialist jobs due to their flexibility.
Speed is a significant advantage as computers complete tasks much faster than humans.

Computers lack IQ - they are incapable of performing actions that are not pre-programmed or influenced by their environment.
Computers have no feelings/emotional intelligence. They are programmed to follow specific instructions and do not exhibit human-like emotions.
Computers cannot make decisions autonomously. They operate based on instructions and codes and cannot distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad.
Computers lack common sense. They operate solely on stored programs or logics.
Computers cannot implement tasks autonomously. Only humans can establish and enforce rules and policies for them.
Computers are dependent on human interaction. They rely on humans to perform tasks and create programs.

A computer system consists of hardware and software.
Hardware refers to the physical aspects of the computer.
Software represents a set of program instructions that tell the computer how to operate.

Local Area Network (LAN) connects computers and devices within a small geographic area.
The internet is a network connecting millions of computers, allowing communication and information sharing.