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Questions and Answers
The first generation of computers was dependent upon the lowest-level programming language known as ______ language.
The first generation of computers was dependent upon the lowest-level programming language known as ______ language.
machine
ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and ______.
ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and ______.
Computer
ENIAC was completed in ______.
ENIAC was completed in ______.
1945
Physicist John Mauchly and electrical engineer J. Presper ______ designed ENIAC.
Physicist John Mauchly and electrical engineer J. Presper ______ designed ENIAC.
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ENIAC was used primarily for calculating artillery firing ______ for the United States Army.
ENIAC was used primarily for calculating artillery firing ______ for the United States Army.
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Pipelining allows the processor to move data or instructions into a conceptual ______ with all stages processing simultaneously.
Pipelining allows the processor to move data or instructions into a conceptual ______ with all stages processing simultaneously.
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Branch prediction involves the processor looking ahead in the instruction code and predicting which ______ are likely to be processed next.
Branch prediction involves the processor looking ahead in the instruction code and predicting which ______ are likely to be processed next.
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Superscalar execution allows the processor to issue more than one ______ in every processing cycle.
Superscalar execution allows the processor to issue more than one ______ in every processing cycle.
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Speculative execution utilizes branch prediction to execute instructions ahead of their actual ______ in the program.
Speculative execution utilizes branch prediction to execute instructions ahead of their actual ______ in the program.
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The speed with which data can be transferred between main memory and the processor has ______ badly.
The speed with which data can be transferred between main memory and the processor has ______ badly.
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The first generation of computers used ______ technology.
The first generation of computers used ______ technology.
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Lee De Forest, an electrical engineer, invented the ______.
Lee De Forest, an electrical engineer, invented the ______.
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Vacuum tubes produced a large amount of ______ and were costly to operate.
Vacuum tubes produced a large amount of ______ and were costly to operate.
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Vacuum tubes consumed a high amount of ______.
Vacuum tubes consumed a high amount of ______.
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______ machines were among the many electronic devices built using vacuum tubes.
______ machines were among the many electronic devices built using vacuum tubes.
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The ______ generations of computers followed the first generation which used vacuum tubes.
The ______ generations of computers followed the first generation which used vacuum tubes.
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The UNIVAC and IBM were part of the ______ generation of computers.
The UNIVAC and IBM were part of the ______ generation of computers.
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Transistors marked the beginning of the ______ generation of computers.
Transistors marked the beginning of the ______ generation of computers.
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Microelectronics refers to 'small ______'
Microelectronics refers to 'small ______'
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According to Moore’s Law, the number of ______ on a chip will double every year.
According to Moore’s Law, the number of ______ on a chip will double every year.
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Gordon Moore is the co-founder of ______.
Gordon Moore is the co-founder of ______.
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The DEC PDP-8 was the first ______ computer.
The DEC PDP-8 was the first ______ computer.
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Moore's Law states that the development has slowed but the number of transistors doubles every ______ months.
Moore's Law states that the development has slowed but the number of transistors doubles every ______ months.
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The IBM 360 series represented the first planned 'family' of ______.
The IBM 360 series represented the first planned 'family' of ______.
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A unique feature of the DEC PDP-8 was its ______ structure, which consisted of 96 separate signal paths.
A unique feature of the DEC PDP-8 was its ______ structure, which consisted of 96 separate signal paths.
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Higher packing density of components on a chip leads to shorter electrical ______.
Higher packing density of components on a chip leads to shorter electrical ______.
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The ENIAC weighed 30 tons and occupied a large ______.
The ENIAC weighed 30 tons and occupied a large ______.
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The ENIAC used ______ vacuum tubes for its operation.
The ENIAC used ______ vacuum tubes for its operation.
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ENIAC could perform 5,000 additions per ______.
ENIAC could perform 5,000 additions per ______.
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A single accumulator in ENIAC could hold a ______-digit decimal number.
A single accumulator in ENIAC could hold a ______-digit decimal number.
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The first generation of computers included machines like ENIAC and ______.
The first generation of computers included machines like ENIAC and ______.
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The Von Neumann architecture is based on the stored-program ______.
The Von Neumann architecture is based on the stored-program ______.
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The IAS computer is a prototype of all subsequent general-purpose ______.
The IAS computer is a prototype of all subsequent general-purpose ______.
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In the IAS computer architecture, the Central Processing Unit is abbreviated as ______.
In the IAS computer architecture, the Central Processing Unit is abbreviated as ______.
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The main memory of the IAS computer had 1,000 ______ locations, each 40 bits wide.
The main memory of the IAS computer had 1,000 ______ locations, each 40 bits wide.
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The IAS computer could store both instructions and ______ in its main memory.
The IAS computer could store both instructions and ______ in its main memory.
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Improvements in chip organization and architecture aim to increase processor ______.
Improvements in chip organization and architecture aim to increase processor ______.
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The increase in logic gate size and density leads to a rise in ______ density.
The increase in logic gate size and density leads to a rise in ______ density.
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Memory speeds tend to lag behind processor ______.
Memory speeds tend to lag behind processor ______.
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Typically, there are two or three levels of ______ between the processor and main memory.
Typically, there are two or three levels of ______ between the processor and main memory.
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The ______ architecture allows multiple pipelines within a single processor.
The ______ architecture allows multiple pipelines within a single processor.
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As the ______ product increases, the speed at which electrons flow is limited.
As the ______ product increases, the speed at which electrons flow is limited.
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To achieve effective parallel execution, processors may employ ______.
To achieve effective parallel execution, processors may employ ______.
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In a single core processor, benefits from cache are reaching their ______.
In a single core processor, benefits from cache are reaching their ______.
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A significant aspect of increasing processor speed involves reducing ______ access times.
A significant aspect of increasing processor speed involves reducing ______ access times.
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Power dissipation becomes a critical issue as clock ______ increases.
Power dissipation becomes a critical issue as clock ______ increases.
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Study Notes
CSNB123: Computer Organization
- Course covers computer evolution, design for performance, multicore processors, and Intel x86 architecture evolution.
- Chapter 2 focuses on computer evolution.
Chapter 2: Computer Evolution
-
First Generation (1946-1957): Used vacuum tubes.
- ENIAC, a large, room-filling computer, was significant.
- ENIAC stood for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
- ENIAC was used for calculating artillery firing tables during World War II.
- Key figures in its creation included John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, working with a team.
- ENIAC weighed 30 tons, had 18,000 vacuum tubes and consumed 140 kilowatts.
- Capability: 5,000 additions per second.
-
Second Generation (1957-1964): Used transistors.
- Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, leading to smaller, cheaper, and less heat-dissipating computers.
- Transistors were solid-state devices made from silicon, invented at Bell Labs in 1947 by William Shockley et al.
- Second generation computers were more reliable, used less power and were widely used commercially.
- More complex arithmetic and logic units, high-level programming languages, and system software emerged in this generation.
-
Third Generation (1964-1971): Used integrated circuits (ICs).
- Integrated circuits were small chips with multiple transistors that consolidated circuitry.
- Developed by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.
- Increased density meant faster speeds and reduced size.
-
Later Generations: Used semiconductor memory and microprocessors.
- The evolution of integrated circuits and microprocessors led to greater computing power, faster speeds, and reduced costs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the first generation of computers and their fundamental operations. This quiz covers essential topics such as ENIAC, low-level programming languages, and processor architecture. Perfect for students delving into computer science fundamentals.
