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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the instruction cycle?
What is the first step in the instruction cycle?
Load Data
What does AC stand for in the context of computer registers?
What does AC stand for in the context of computer registers?
Accumulator
Which of the following components keeps track of the next instruction to be executed?
Which of the following components keeps track of the next instruction to be executed?
The Instruction Register holds the next instruction to be executed.
The Instruction Register holds the next instruction to be executed.
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In which memory location is the data stored back after processing?
In which memory location is the data stored back after processing?
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The accumulator holds data being _____.
The accumulator holds data being _____.
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What are the three steps of the instruction cycle?
What are the three steps of the instruction cycle?
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Study Notes
Instruction Cycle
- The instruction cycle is the process that a computer uses to execute instructions.
- This cycle involves fetching an instruction from memory, decoding it, and then executing it.
- Each instruction is stored in memory and has a unique code.
- The instruction cycle is divided into two main phases: Fetch and Execute.
Registers
- Accumulator (AC): A register that temporarily holds data being processed.
- Program Counter (PC): A register that keeps track of the next instruction to be executed.
- Instruction Register (IR): A register that holds the current instruction being executed by the CPU.
Instruction Set
- The instruction set is a collection of instructions that the CPU can understand and execute.
- Each instruction has a unique code that is stored in memory.
- The instruction set includes instructions for loading data, storing data, adding data, and other operations.
Fetch Cycle
- During the fetch cycle, the CPU retrieves the next instruction from memory.
- The PC holds the address of the next instruction.
- The instruction is then loaded into the IR.
Execute Cycle
- During the execute cycle, the CPU executes the instructions stored in the IR.
- The instruction is decoded and then executed.
- The execution of an instruction may involve loading data from memory, performing operations on the data, and storing the results back into memory.
Example of Program Execution
- This example shows how the three-step process of an instruction cycle works.
- Load Data: An instruction is fetched and decoded.
- Add Data: Data is fetched from memory and added to the value in the AC.
- Store Data: The result is stored back into the memory.
Diagrams
- Each diagram shows the state of the memory and registers at each step of the instruction cycle.
- The diagrams show changes in data being loaded, added, and stored.
- The PC register changes with each step in the instruction cycle.
- Each step represents a different state of the registers.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the instruction cycle in computer architecture, detailing how computers fetch, decode, and execute instructions. It also covers essential components like registers and the instruction set, providing a foundational understanding of how CPUs operate. Dive into the key phases of fetching and executing instructions to enhance your knowledge of computer processes.
